This paper presents an algorithm for I/O pins partitioning and placement targeting 3D circuits. The method starts from a standard 2D placement of the pins around a flat rectangle and outputs a 3D representation of the circuit composed of a set of tiers and pins placed at the four sides of the resulting cube. The proposed algorithm targets a balanced distribution of the I/Os that is required bot...

T he widespread use of pins to provide retention for amalgam restorations began with Markley’s’ description of cemented stainless steel pins. In 1966 the selfthreading pin technique was introduced.2 Unlike cemented pins, which rely on cement to hold them in place, self-threading pins are larger than the pinhole and are threaded into it. The cutting action of the threads retains self-threading p...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE External fixation pins tend to loosen with time, especially from cancellous bone. A coating that releases a bisphosphonate has been shown to improve the fixation of dental implants in humans. We now tested a bisphosphonate coating on steel pins for external fixation. The primary hypothesis was that coated pins would be better fixed in the diaphysis. METHODS 20 patients ...

Supracondylar fracture is one of the most common elbow injuries in children (1). Currently, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of Gartland's types II and III supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children have become the standard method of treatment (2,3). However, controversy exists about the optimal K-wires configuration required to provide adequate fracture stability to maintain r...

We develop an approach to utilize anisotropic metamaterials to solve one of the fundamental problems of modern plasmonics--parasitic scattering of surface waves into free-space modes, opening the road to truly two-dimensional plasmonic optics. We illustrate the developed formalism on the examples of plasmonic refractor and plasmonic crystal, and discuss limitations of the developed technique an...

INTRODUCTION Sonography in classical nerve entrapment syndromes is an established and validated method. In contrast, few publications highlight lesions of the radial nerve, particularly of the posterior interosseus nerve (PIN). METHOD Five patients with a radial nerve lesion were investigated by electromyography, nerve conduction velocity and ultrasound. Further normative values of 26 healthy...

BACKGROUND The standard treatment for severe displaced pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture (SCHF) is closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. However, controversy persists concerning the optimal pin fixation technique. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy on the configuration of lateral entry only with crossed entry pin fixation for SCHF, including Gartla...

BACKGROUND Formation of epithelial sheets requires that cell division occurs in the plane of the sheet. During mitosis, spindle poles align so the astral microtubules contact the lateral cortex. Confinement of the mammalian Pins protein to the lateral cortex is essential for this process. Defects in signaling through Cdc42 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) also cause spindle misorientation. ...

Users have conflicting sets of requirements when it comes to choosing Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) for mobile phones or other systems that use PINs for authentication: the conflict lies between the ‘easy to remember’ usability requirement and the ‘hard to guess’ security requirement. Users often ignore the security requirement and choose PINs that are easy to remember and reuse, makin...

OBJECTIVE Several clinical studies have reported that the use of hydroxyapatite- (HA) coated pins enhance external fixation. Although these studies have demonstrated higher extraction torques and lower rates of pin loosening with HA coating, there is little evidence to suggest that these biomechanical advantages translate to a lower rate of pin replacement prior to healing. The research questio...