Low surface brightness galaxies, those galaxies with a central surface brightness at least one magnitude fainter than the night sky, are often not included in discussions of extragalactic gas at z < 0.1. In this paper we review many of the properties of low surface brightness galaxies, including recent studies which indicate low surface brightness systems may contribute far more to the local HI...

We study the effect of surface brightness on the mass–metallicity relation using nearby galaxies whose gas content and metallicity profiles are available. Previous studies using fiber spectra indicated that lower surface brightness galaxies have systematically lower metallicities for their stellar mass, but the results were uncertain because of aperture effects. With stellar masses and surface ...

An analysis of Clementine data obtained from a UVVIS camera and simulating laboratory photometric and polarimetric measurements is presented with the use of a new photometric threeparameter function combining the shadow-hiding and coherent backscatter mechanisms. The fit of calculated curves to the average brightness phase function of the Moon derived from Clementine data indicates that the coh...

Brightness induction refers to a class of visual illusions in which the perceived intensity of a region of space is influenced by the luminance of surrounding regions. These illusions are significant because they provide insight into the neural organization of the visual system. A novel quadrature-phase motion cancelation technique was developed to measure the magnitude of the grating induction...

This paper is concerned with photometric methods using three images with different lighting direction to obtain shape information of an object. Such methods are based on the photometric equation that relates the normal of the object surface to the triplet of the image brightness. This paper discusses the issue of whether the surface normal and the orientation of the 3-vector formed by the image...

deinkability of old newspaper was investigated using cellulase at different concentrations and treatment times. the results of optical properties of the made papers indicated that by increasing the enzyme concentration to 0.05 percent the brightness was increased to 47.5% iso and yellowness decreased to 11.03% iso. while at higher charges than 0.05 percent, brightness value the was decreased an...

Introduction: Diagnosis of primary and secondary cancers to treat patients with diffuse and malignant tumors is an important subject. The appropriate treatment will be eliminating primary and metastatic tumors. Radiofrequency ablation with localized heat induction in the target tissue causes irreversible cellular damage and tissue coagulation. Estimation of tissue temperature c...