In this issue of Neuron, Lee et al. (2016) assessed the brain-wide effects of stimulating the direct and indirect pathway by optogenetic activation of D1 and D2 striatal neurons. This work demonstrates the exquisite power of combining cell-type-specific perturbation methods with focal and whole-brain measurements of brain activity.

We compute the effects of anomalous gauge-boson couplings at high-energy hadron colliders using next-to-leading order SU(2) × SU(2) chiral perturbation theory. By comparing the yields from the universal p 2 terms with those arising from new physics at order p 4 , we estimate the sensitivity of the SSC and LHC to the indirect effects of electroweak symmetry breaking.

Regulatory targets of transcription factors (TFs) can be identified by the TF perturbation experiments, which reveal the expression changes owing to the perturbation (deletion or overexpression) of TFs. But the identified targets of a given TF consist of both direct and indirect regulatory targets. It has been shown that most of the TFPE-identified regulatory targets are indirect, indicating th...

For indirect adaptive fuzzy ∞ H tracking control (AFHC) of perturbed uncertain nonlinear systems, slidingmode control (SMC) compensation usually has to be applied to ensure stability and ∞ H robustness of the closed-loop system. We prove that indirect AFHC without SMC compensation is sufficient to guarantee stable ∞ H tracking under given initial conditions and parameter constraints. The contro...

We investigate the hard nonresonant excitation of the forced Duffing equation with a positive damping parameter E. Using the symbolic manipulation system MACSYMA, a computer algebra system. we derive the two term perturbation expansion by the method of multiple time scales. The resulting approximate solution is valid for small values of the coefficient e As the damping parameter e increases, th...

An optimal indirect stochastic adaptive control is obtained explicitly for linear time-varying discrete-time systems with general delay and white noise perturbation, while minimizing the variance of the output around a desired value one step ahead. The resulting controller incorporates parameter uncertainties. The solution unifies and generalizes previously known results, which become special c...

here, a new method called aboodh transform homotopy perturbation method(athpm) is used to solve nonlinear partial dierential equations, we presenta reliable combination of homotopy perturbation method and aboodh transformto investigate some nonlinear partial dierential equations. the nonlinearterms can be handled by the use of homotopy perturbation method. the resultsshow the eciency of this...

in this paper, elzaki homotopy perturbation method is employed for solving linear and nonlinear differential equations with a variable coffecient. this method is a combination of elzaki transform and homotopy perturbation method. the aim of using elzaki transform is to overcome the deficiencies that mainly caused by unsatised conditions in some semi-analytical methods such as homotopy perturbat...

There is increasing evidence of indirect effects of hunting on populations. In species with sexually selected infanticide (SSI), hunting may decrease juvenile survival by increasing male turnover. We aimed to evaluate the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of hunting via SSI on the population dynamics of the Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos). We performed prospective and re...

(1.3) 2(1 + α)∆w + 2β div ( αD(|Dw|2)− (α∆w + β|Dw|2)Dw) = div(T (Dw, ·))− (E′(w − w)− E′(w − w)) where E′(w − w) = 1 volM ∫ E′(w − w). Chang, Gursky and Yang [CGY] proved that any F -minimizing solution u ∈ W 2,2(M) to (1.3) is actually smooth. It was asked in [CGY] whether any weak solution u ∈ W 2,2(M) is smooth. Indeed, Uhlenbeck and Viaclovsky [UV] confirmed this recently and proved the sm...