The title question is answered in the affirmative. The patentability of natural gene sequences is based on general principles of patent law, and depends on novelty, inventive steps and industrial applicability of the subject matter to be patented. Patentability is further confirmed by the particular articles of the European Patent Convention and the recent EC Directive on the legal protection o...

Introduction As one of leading core technology in the 21th century, nano photonic technology (NPT) is highly interdisciplinary, involving physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and the full range of the engineering disciplines (Picraux, 2014). NPT is a study of the interaction of electrons and photons and its components in nano structure based on the great development and popularizatio...

How does patent policy affect innovation when patent licensing is crucial for firms? To address this question, the present paper incorporates voluntary patent licensing between an innovator and followers, which has been discussed in the literature of industrial organization, into a dynamic general equilibrium model. Unlike in existing studies, both the licensing fee and the number of licensees ...

The relative importance to the particular industry of licensing has not been done enough empirically to pursue the route of the open innovation. That is why the industrial level research on open innovation is more complicated than that of company level. This paper tries to survey industrial level licensing by combining the technology regime theory with NTB(National Technology Bank) score model ...

The importance of patents for economic development in general and forBritish industrialization in particular remains an unresolved issue, but one thatduring the past twenty-five years has benefited from intensive historical re-search. This paper re-examines the debate in the light both of that research andof revisionist histories of the British industrial revolution. It focuses ...

During the last few years, the number of research and development projects aimed at building hybrid robot has been increasing at a rapid rate. In this paper, a brief review on hybrid robot is presented. The main motivation for using hybrid robots and various applications of hybrid robots are discussed. Both published research papers and registered patents on hybrid robots are described. Various...

History demonstrates that the numerous factors determining which paths technologically innovative industrial clusters follow often fall into place serendipitously. Paul Krugman notes, “given a slightly different sequence of events, Silicon Valley might have been in Los Angeles, Massachusetts, or even Oxfordshire.” Not surprisingly, advantageous circumstances rather than carefully premeditated p...

Controversy often follows when patents are obtained in a pioneering area of technology. Patent filing activity in the field of regenerative medicine and in relation to stem cells in particular has not escaped opprobrium, although it is instructive to compare the nature of the debates that are taking place over the patenting of stem cells in the US and Europe. In the US, debate over the early pa...