aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), a result of human hiv (human immunodeficinency virus) infection, is one of the most troublesome world's health problems. extensive researches to find effective drugs for its treatment are running fast in huge capacities. imod (immuno-modulator drug) is the name of an herbal drug that has modulatory effects of immune system. as a goal of this research,...

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse actions and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurological and inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-6 in pneumococcal meningitis. Cerebral infection in wild-type (WT) mice caused an increase in vascular permeability and intracranial pressure (ICP), which were significantly reduced in ...

Objective(s): The rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is responsible for the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration through a phospholipase C-dependent and phospholipase C-independent pathways in infected cells. It is shown that increasing of intracellular calcium concentration in rotavirus infected cells is associated with the activation of some members of protein kinases family su...

background: the performance and parasitology of semi-intensively managed west african dwarf (wad) lambs were evaluated following exposure to gastrointestinal helminth infected paddock and varied protein-energy feeds. methods: twenty four lambs obtained from the department of animal breeding and genetics and brought to directorate of university farm (dufarm) of federal university of agriculture ...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major viral in farm animals. In the present study, seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against FMD virus (FMDV)-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D protein) and characterized. Screening of mAb reactivity three overlapping fragments 3D protein expressed Escherichia coli revealed that binding sites all mAbs confined to N-terminal one-third prote...

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease of pregnancy with serious consequences for the mother and fetus. Two pedigrees have been reported with ICP in the mothers of children with a subtype of autosomal recessive progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) with raised serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Affected children have homozygous mutations in th...

 This study was aimed to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats infected with Rh strain of T. gondii by using an immunoblotting method. For this, cats were experimentally infected using tachyzoites harvested from Vero cell cultures. Tachyzoites were then lysed and transferred to polyacrylamide gels followed by blotting to PVDF membranes. An immunoblotting was performed using these mem...

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell protein (ICP)47 blocks CD8 1 T cell recognition of infected cells by inhibiting the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). In vivo, HSV-1 replicates in two distinct tissues: in epithelial mucosa or epidermis, where the virus enters sensory neurons; and in the peripheral and central nervous system, where acute and subsequently latent ...

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell protein (ICP)47 blocks CD8+ T cell recognition of infected cells by inhibiting the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). In vivo, HSV-1 replicates in two distinct tissues: in epithelial mucosa or epidermis, where the virus enters sensory neurons; and in the peripheral and central nervous system, where acute and subsequently latent i...