probability of private information based trade (pin) has introduced as information risk measure. this paper is going to estimate probability of private information based trade (pin) in tehran stock exchange using microstructure models. our results show that pin is significantly different from zero for tehran stock exchange.

social network analysis used to study the relationship between stakeholders and actors in natural resource management has become a scientific approach. the purpose of this study was analysis of information exchange network among organizations engage in the sustainable management of natural resources. results of social network analysis revealed that there is weak relationship among organizations...

Recent internationalisation effort of the Swedish Armed Forces has led to rapidly increased demand on interoperability in general and information exchange in particular. Flexibly composed units involve the building of never complete system. Nevertheless, the challenge of connecting systems turns out not to be only a matter of technical issues but also semantic (unique interpretation of informat...

The work in building product models, beyond the need to develop the appropriate semantics for representing building data, needs to address the information flow issues arising from the current procedures of architecture, engineering and construction practice. Offered here are four scenarios common to building practice and an analysis of the information flow issues arising from the need to suppor...