background: the planners and managers in health policy sector are responsible for policy making and planning of the health structure of a country. therefore, they need to have access to reasonable and accurate information. knowledge of managers about the applications of hospital information system is therefore of high importance. this study aimed to survey the knowledge of managers of hamadan u...

A newsboy model in which a vendor has a limited budget to procure the required items is developed. It is assumed that the manufacturer will either sell the items to the vendor outright or offer the items to the vendor with return policy. In the latter case, the manufacturer buys back from the vendor the unsold items at the end of the selling season. This study considers one item with budget con...

A data mule is a mobile device that can traverse a wireless sensor network field to move near stationary sensor nodes that are spatially dispersed for collecting data from them. Using the data mule can significantly reduce energy consumption of sensor nodes compared to common multihop forwarding schemes. However, it also increases the latency of gathering data of all nodes. In this paper, under...

Evapotranspiration is a central process of the hydrological cycle, and various water saving measures are based on it. However, there is little research work on evapotranspiration in the world. In particular, there is rare hydrological cycle-based research on the impact of channel lining on evapotranspiration in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper applies a hydrological cycle model to examine...

introduction: nowadays, without utilization of information technology, it is impossible to have effective access to required information. inappropriate use of new technology for professional knowledge transmission leads to inadequacy of technology as well as cost wasting. therefore, it is necessary to enhance general understandings about information technology (it) abilities and also end-user n...