Innervation zone (IZ) has been identified as the origin of action potential propagation in isometric contraction. However, IZ shifts with changes in muscle length during muscle activity. The IZ shift has been estimated using raw EMG signals. This study aimed to investigate the movement of IZ location during continuous dynamic muscle contraction, using a computer program. Subjects flexed their e...

Recent studies have shown that cells in the intermediate zone (IZ) of the embryonic neocortex originate in the basal telencephalon and migrate tangentially in the cortical wall (;; ). We had previously observed growing cortical axons closely apposed to calbindin-positive, tangentially oriented cells in the IZ (), and it has been shown that neurites in the IZ express a glutamate transporter (). ...

Most cortical interneurons are generated in the subpallial ganglionic eminences and migrate tangentially to their final destinations in the neocortex. Within the cortex, interneurons follow mainly stereotype routes in the subventricular zone/intermediate zone (SVZ/IZ) and in the marginal zone. It has been suggested that interactions between invading interneurons and locally generated projection...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the differential effects of the class III agent, d-sotalol, on conduction and refractoriness on normal and infarcted areas of the canine ventricle. METHODS Epicardial mapping studies were performed in 6 dogs 5-7 days after ligation of the left descending coronary artery using a specially designed patch electrode which contained 192 bipolar ele...

To determine the effect of ischemia on myocardial clearance of thallium-201 (201TI), we studied 12 dogs with ischemia produced after the injection of Tl. TI was given I.V. 10 minutes before left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. 85Sr-microspheres (MS) were administered 5 minutes later, and control biopsies were obtained from the myocardium. The LAD was tied and repeat biopsies...

This paper considers an integrated formulation in selecting the best normal mean in the case of unequal and unknown variances. The formulation separates the parameter space into two disjoint parts, the preference zone (PZ) and the indifference zone (IZ). In the PZ we insist on selecting the best for a correct selection (CS1) but in the IZ we define any selected subset to be correct (CS2) if it ...

This paper introduces a two-stage selection rule to compare several experimental treatments with a control when the variances are common and unknown. The selection rule integrates the indifference zone approach and the subset selection approach in multipledecision theory. Twomutually exclusive subsets of the parameter space are defined, one is called the preference zone (PZ) and the other, the ...

The PM10 airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm is considered as a risk factor of various adverse health outcomes, including lung cancer. Here we described the sampling and composition of PM10 collected from an industrial zone (IZ), and a commercial zone (CZ) of Mexico City. The PM10 was collected with a high-volume sampler in the above mentioned locations and both type...

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) between rhizobia and legumes requires metabolic coordination within specialized root organs called nodules. Nodules formed in the symbiosis between S. medicae and barrel medic (M. truncatula) are indeterminate, cylindrical, and contain spatially distinct developmental zones. Bacteria in the infection zone II (ZII), interzone II-III (IZ), and nitrogen fixation z...

We consider the indifference-zone (IZ) formulation of the ranking and selection problem with independent normal samples and known sampling variance. In this problem, we must use stochastic simulation to select the best among several noisy simulated systems, with a statistical guarantee on solution quality. Existing IZ procedures sample excessively in problems with many alternatives, in part bec...