Heavy metals from urban runoff preserved in sedimentary deposits record long-term economic and industrial development via the expansion and contraction of a city's infrastructure. Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions measured in the sediments of the harbor of Ostia-Rome's first harbor-show that lead pipes used in the water supply networks of Rome and Ostia were the only source of radio...

This study explores seventh graders’ use of inscriptions in a teacher-designed project-based science unit. To investigate students’ learning practices during the 8-month water quality unit, we collected multiple sources of data (e.g., classroom video recordings, student artifacts, and teacher interviews) and employed analytical methods that drew from a naturalistic approach. The findings showed...

ALTHOUGH all general histories of medicine make reference to skilled doctors in the Roman legions, the specialized secondary literature on the subject is not plentiful.' Garrison, Jacob, Haberling, and Richmond, among others, are mentioned when one speaks of works on the question of medicine in the Roman legions. Apparently the problem of doctors in the legions has been considered settled. Prev...

The present paper addresses the problem of likeness in Byzantine donor portrait and treats this issues, initially, context historiography portraiture and, further, contemporary sources, epigrams by Palaiologan poet Manuel Philes. It looks at two consecutive methodological trends historiography: first, traditional art historical, investigates portraits as objects, i.e. it their style, iconograph...

Death is an accidental event in human life. The feeling that death for the body and not soul led to attitude of maintaining his existence even after death. Such gave way cremation rites dead later days. Emotional relationships with a person, while instilling love him, would instils fear This mixed practice history erecting monuments commemorate dead. In present article it explained hero stones ...

Picture this. A preverbal infant straddles the center of a seesaw. She gently tilts her weight back and forth from one side to the other, sensing as each side tips downward and then back up again. This child cannot articulate her observations in simple words, let alone in scientific jargon. Can she learn anything from this experience? If so, what is she learning, and what role might such learni...

Scientific examination of mummies has provided a better understanding the ancestry, diet, disease, medical practices, mummification processes, culture and society human populations worldwide from different epochs. However, many examinations have been invasive and/or destructive, leading to current-day concerns among archaeologists mummy custodians about this methodology. Multidisciplinary appro...

the present paper is about an inscription from the parthian era which has been found in the town of sar-e pol-e zohab in the province of kirmanshah. this parthian bas-relief is about two people on the two sides of the bas-relief inscription. the investigation on the right-handside, due to erosion is not quite readable, but the left-handside inscription had been formerly read and believed to be ...

The medical history of Cos is a minefield. Almost any theory is likely to be blown up by one of the "phantom inscriptions" unearthed in the 1900s by Rudolf Herzog and still largely unpublished, or to be trapped in the tangles of Hippocratic scholarship. New excavations at Astypalaea, the chief town of the island before the transfer in 366 B.C. of most of the population to the modern town of Cos...