Abstract In recent years, insect immunology has expanded rapidly in research interest, and available literature kind. Insects combat pathogens through a range of behavioral physiological immune defenses. The need for robust immunity is especially important to eusocial insects; nestmate proximity increases exposure transmission pathogens. Further, eusociality involves cohabitation thousands indi...

there is growing evidence that lectin-carbohydrate interactions can mediate the infection of parasites to their insect vector. many insect species are host or vectors of protozoan or metazoan parasites that cause socially and economically important disease such as malaria and leishmaniasis. however, relatively little work has been undertaken concerning the interaction of insect immunity against...

The Jacques Monod conference "Insect Immunity in Action: From Fundamental Mechanisms of Host Defense to Resistance Against Infections in Nature," organized by Ulrich Theopold (Stockholm University, Sweden) and Dominique Ferrandon (CNRS, France), was held in May 2009 in Aussois, France. Here, we review key topics and concepts that were presented and highlight emerging trends in the field of inse...

"One of the major evolutionary transitions is shift from solitary to social lifestyle, which involved a plethora behavioral and physiological changes in entities. Group living has several advantages as evolution collective defense mechanisms. It may also affect individual immune system either due efficiency defenses or because high transmission frequency pathogens. Individual consists innate ac...