The most popular algorithms for the estimation of the probabilities of a context-free grammar are the Inside-Outside algorithm and the Viterbi algorithm, which are Maximum Likelihood approaches. The diierence between the logarithm of the likelihood of a string and the logarithm of the likelihood of the most probable parse of a string is upper bounded linearly by the length of the string and the...

ECLAC’s policy prescriptions seems even less tenable. After all, this was a region that for most of the 1990s was firmly in the neoliberal camp. More importantly, even to the extent that leftist presidents (such as Lula in Brazil) came to power, their ability to change the status quo was fairly limited. While the author is keen to blame these failures on the intellectual retreats of neostructur...

We present a phrasal inversion transduction grammar as an alternative to joint phrasal translation models. This syntactic model is similar to its flatstring phrasal predecessors, but admits polynomial-time algorithms for Viterbi alignment and EM training. We demonstrate that the consistency constraints that allow flat phrasal models to scale also help ITG algorithms, producing an 80-times faste...

Despite the advent of and exciting advances in novel endovascular therapies, t-PA remains the only proven treatment for acute ischemic stroke to date. Although a variety of reasons likely underlie why past trials of endovascular strategies have been unsuccessful, we address in this perspective piece one critical unknown for which a solution is undoubtedly necessary if future ones are to meet wi...

The treatment of symptomatic aortoiliac occlusive disease has shifted from open to endovascular repair. Both short- and long-term outcomes after percutaneous angioplasty and stenting rival those after open repair and justify an endovascular-first approach. In this article, we review the current endovascular treatment strategies in patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease, indications for prim...

This paper describes our contribution in Opinion Target Extraction OTE and Sentiment Polarity sub tasks of SemEval 2015 ABSA task. A CRF model with IOB notation has been adopted for OTE with several groups of features including syntactic, lexical, semantic, sentiment lexicon features. Our submission for OTE is ranked fifth over twenty submissions. A Logistic Regression model with a weighting sc...

A new type of stochastic grammars is introduced for investigation: weakly restricted stochastic grammars. In this paper we will concentrate on the consistency problem. To nd conditions for stochastic grammars to be consistent, the theory of multitype Galton-Watson branching processes and generating functions is of central importance. The unrestricted stochastic grammar formalism generates the s...

BACKGROUND Acute limb ischemia (ALI), although uncommon, can present with profound symptoms, including disabling pain in the setting of acute vascular and neurologic deficits. The most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategy has evolved with emerging technologies inclusive of less-invasive endovascular diagnostic and therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE We present a case of ALI to illustrat...

We describe two new strategies to automatic bracketing of parallel corpora, with particular application to languages where prior grammar resources are scarce: (1) coarse bilingual grammars, and (2) unsupervised training of such grammars via EM (expectation-maximization). Both methods build upon a formalism we recently introduced called stochastic inversion transduction grammars. The first appro...

Parameter tuning is a key problem for statistical machine translation (SMT). Most popular parameter tuning algorithms for SMT are agnostic of decoding, resulting in parameters vulnerable to search errors in decoding. The recent research of “search-aware tuning” (Liu and Huang, 2014) addresses this problem by considering the partial derivations in every decoding step so that the promising ones a...