Can part of Africa’s current underdevelopment be explained by its slave trades? To explore this question empirically, I combined data from ship records with data from various historical documents reporting slave ethnicities, and construct estimates of the number of slaves exported from each country during Africa’s slave trades between 1400 and 1900. I find a strong robust negative correlation b...

[1] Arctic Oscillation (AO) changes are inferred from a treering reconstruction of a warm-season temperature index. The reconstruction covers AD 1650–1975 and is based largely on chronologies from circumpolar-Arctic and circum-North Atlantic areas. It accounts for 48% of the variance in the instrumental AO record from 1900 to 1975, verifies using independent data, and exhibits its largest varia...

Instrumental perforation of the oesophagus is a serious and, unfortunately, not a very rare accident. The occurrence in addition of perforation of a duodenal ulcer constitutes a situation which is rare, difficult to diagnose, and fraught with great danger to the patient. Simultaneous perforation of multiple peptic ulcers has been described in several reports since that of Finney (1900). As pept...

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo identificar, utilizando la categoría analítica de género, tanto forma y contenidos incorporación las ciencias en el currículum como importancia los gabinetes enseñanza práctica Chile educación secundaria femenina especial, Liceo Niñas Concepción entre 1900 hasta 1920. Se utilizó método histórico para análisis fuentes primarias secundarias provenientes arc...

We describe the first results of a new dendroclimatic study in New Zealand using Lagarostrobos colensoi (silver pine) growing at Oroko Swamp in the West Coast of the South Island. This research has produced the first millennium-length treering chronology from New Zealand, covering the period AD 816–1998. Statistical analysis of the climate signal in the chronology indicates that it reflects Aus...

The requirements of instrumental rationality are often thought to be normative conditions on choice or intention, but this is a mistake. Instrumental rationality is best understood as a requirement of coherence on an agent's non-instrumental desires and means-end beliefs. Since only a subset of an agent's means-end beliefs concern possible actions, the connection with intention is thus more obl...

Methoxypolyethylene glycols of 1900 daltons (PEG-1900) or 5000 daltons (PEG-5000) were covalently attached to bovine liver catalase using 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine as the coupling agent. Rabbits were immunized by the intravenous and intramuscular routes with catalase modified by covalent attachment of PEG-1900 to 43% of the amino groups (PEG-1900-catalase). The intravenous antiserum did not yi...

Thomas Wrigley Grimshaw was born in Whitehouse, County Antrim, in 1839, and learned his medicine at the Dublin School of Medicine when its reputation was at its highest. If his teachers strayed from the art of bedside medicine into science it was into meteorology that had been revived by Thomas Sydenham, the 'English Hippocrates' in the seventeenth century. When Grimshaw was appointed Registrar...