Recent studies that have focused on the detection of non-MHC susceptibility loci in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are reviewed. It has been confirmed that the region on human chromosome 11p contains such a susceptibility locus and recent research has attempted to identify the causative DNA variants and their functional role in disease.

Leprechaunism and type A diabetes represent inborn errors of insulin resistance whose phenotypes suggested causation by mutations in the insulin receptor gene. Cells cultured from patients with leprechaunism specifically lacked high-affinity insulin binding. Partial but different degrees of impairment were observed in cells cultured from first-degree relatives. Different mutations in the insuli...

Objective: Exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment plays an important role in regulating and reducing the inflammatory cytokine associated with beta cell function. Genetics is one of the most important and effective factors in the incidence of diabetes, in most cases. The present study aims to explain the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training on FOXO1 expression in pancreatic tissue, insulin ...

NIDDM is a polygenic disease characterized by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and liver, followed by a failure of pancreatic beta cells to adequately compensate for this resistance despite increased insulin secretion. Mice double heterozygous for null alleles in the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 genes exhibit the expected approximately 50% reduction in expression of these...

Genes play an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic disorder with multiple genes located on different chromosomes contributing to its susceptibility. Analysis of the genetic factors is further complicated by the fact that numerous environmental factors interact with genes to produce the disorder. Only a minority of cases of type 2 diabetes are ca...

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic disease, which occurs when pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or body cannot effectively use insulin it produces. This leads to an increased concentration glucose in blood (hyperglycemia) mellitus (DM) also known as simply diabetes, a group metabolic diseases there are high sugar levels over prolonged period produces symptoms frequent urination,...

Molecular genetics selection on individual genes is a promising method to genetically improve economically important traits in livestock. The insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene may play important roles in growth of multiple tissues, including muscle cells, cartilage and bone. The objectives of the present study were the estimate the haplotype frequencies of the IGF-I gene polymorphisms i...

Glucose homeostasis requires appropriate and synchronous coordination of metabolic events and hormonal activities to keep plasma glucose concentrations in a narrow range of 3.5-5.5 mmol/L. Insulin, the only glucose lowering hormone secreted from pancreatic β-cells, plays the key role in glucose homeostasis. Insulin release from pancreatic β-cells is mainly regulated by intracellular ATP-generat...