identifying the chain of transmitters mentioned in the sanads for the verification of the sanad is necessary for employment of ḥadīth. one of the problems observed in the chains of transmission is the repetition of the names applicable to two or more transmitters. on the other hands, some transmitters have been referred to by various names and titles in chains of transmission; various titles th...

The aim of the considerations was to identify challenges related smart villages arising in Polish and European legal systems. expansion concept has become more apparent new Common Agricultural Policy which provides for development different mechanisms which, put together, will help create a village. legal, but also social economic this proposal have been indicated supported by examples implemen...

Types of Modulation. Figure 7.1 illustrates two alternative ways to generate a modulated optical signal. In Fig. 7.1 (a), the laser is turned on and off by modulating its current; this method is known as direct modulation. In Fig. 7.l(b), the laser is on at all times, a so-called continuous wave (CW) laser, and the light beam is modulated with a kind of optoelectronic shutter, a so-called modul...

A novel sonar array is presented that has applications in mobile robotics for localization and mapping of indoor environments. The ultrasonic sensor localizes and classifies multiple targets in two dimensions to ranges of up to 8 meters. By accounting for effects of temperature and humidity, the system is accurate to within a millimeter and 0.1 degrees in still air. Targets separated by 10 mm i...

A novel sonar array is presented that has applications in mobile robotics for localization and mapping of indoor environments. The ultrasonic sensor localizes and classifies multiple targets in two dimensions to ranges of up to 8 meters. By accounting for effects of temperature and humidity, the system is accurate to within a millimeter and 0.1 degrees in still air. Targets separated by 10 mm i...

Many species carry out their most interesting activities where they cannot readily be observed or monitored. Marine mammals are extreme among this group, accomplishing their most astounding activities both distant from land and deep in the sea. Collection, storage and transmission of data about these activities are constrained by the energy requirements and size of the recording loggers and tra...

Radio labeling is derived from the assignment of radio frequencies (channels) to a set of transmitters. The frequencies assigned depend on the geographical distance between the transmitters: the closer two transmitters are, the greater the potential for interference between their signals. Thus when the distance between two transmitters is small, the difference in the frequencies assigned must b...

We characterize the capacity region of a two-user multiple access channel (MAC) in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communication system with side information (SI) at transmitters. consider two uplink scenarios: (i) double dirty MAC where interferences are known non-causally to both users; and (ii) single model only one users knows interference. Considering that each is assisted b...