The combined use of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) in epilepsy allows the noninvasive hemodynamic characterization of epileptic discharge-related neuronal activations. The aim of this study was to investigate pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying epileptic activity by exploring the spatial and temporal distribution of fMRI signal modifications...

PURPOSE EEG studies based on adult populations report interictal epileptiform discharges (EDS) favour the left hemisphere. It is not clear when favouring becomes apparent as similar paediatric studies have not been performed. METHODS The authors reviewed 1,579 paediatric EEG interpretations for evidence of hemispheric favouring of focal epileptiform discharges. Analysis focused on first-time ...

Clinical and electrographic data were reviewed on 2 of our patients with orbitofrontal epilepsy who were seizure free at 5-year follow-up, and on 2 similar patients from the literature. One of our patients was lesional, and the other was nonlesional. Interictal EEG discharges were lateralized to the side of invasively recorded orbitofrontal seizures in the nonlesional case. In this case, no cli...

This is a quick reference for epilepsy syndromes that are listed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Most of the syndromes are described in detail in the ILAE website: http://www.ilae-epilepsy.org/ctf/syn_frame.html. The following features are outlined for each epilepsy syndrome: seizure types; ictal EEG and interictal EEG features; activating effects of sleep, sleep deprivatio...

Occipital lobe seizures caused by nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) have been reported in only a few cases and are not fully characterized. We report two cases of NKH-related occipital lobe seizures with high hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), epileptiform electroencephalograph (EEG) and MRI abnormalities. Both patients had moderate hyperglycemia (310-372 mg/dl) and mildly elevated serum osmolarity (295-304 ...

EEG-triggered functional MRI (fMRI) offers the potential to localize the generators of scalp EEG events, such as interictal epileptiform discharges, using a biological measurement as opposed to relying solely on modelling techniques. Although recent studies have demonstrated these possibilities in a small number of patients, wider application has been limited by concerns about patient safety, s...

BACKGROUND Routine EEGs in individuals with epilepsy have interictal spikes in 56% of cases. The availability of prolonged EEG has changed the use of EEG in the assessment of epilepsy. OBJECTIVE To determine the time to first epileptiform activity on EEG in patients with epilepsy. This data will help optimize the duration of electrographic assessment for interictal activity in epileptic indiv...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of functional MR (fMR) imaging in the evaluation of patients with epilepsy has not been systematically studied. Our purpose was to identify the fMR correlates of interictal epileptiform discharges. METHODS Twenty patients with epilepsy and frequent interictal discharges were studied with concurrent EEG monitoring on a 1.5-T echo-planar magnet to acquire blood-o...