نتایج جستجو برای: intermittent drug exposure

تعداد نتایج: 893670  

2017
Jacqueline M. Barker Kathleen G. Bryant Jennifer I. Osborne L. J. Chandler

Human alcoholics have been shown to have impaired cognitive control over actions and increased reliance on habitual response strategies. While it is unclear in humans whether these differences predate ethanol exposure or result from chronic drinking, data from animal studies suggest that ethanol acts to promote the development of inflexible behaviors. Here, we investigated how intermittent expo...

Journal: :journal of biomedical physics and engineering 0
m rismanchi shirazuniversity of medical sciences

diastolic phase of cardiac function is associated with lower arterial flow and hence higher concentration of intra arterially injected drug is achieved at the site of injection. it is herein postulated that drugs show higher efficacy when injected during the diastolic phase of cardiac function. it is also postulated that this benefit cannot be achieved when the drug is injected with higher rate...

2015
Sanjiv M. Baxi Albert Liu Peter Bacchetti Gaudensia Mutua Eduard J. Sanders Freddie M. Kibengo Jessica E. Haberer James Rooney Craig W. Hendrix Peter L. Anderson Yong Huang Frances Priddy Monica Gandhi

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in HIV will diminish with poor adherence; pharmacologic measures of drug exposure have proven critical to PrEP trial interpretation. We assessed drug exposure in hair against other pharmacologic and more routinely used measures to assess pill-taking. DESIGN Participants were randomized to placebo, daily PrEP, or intermittent PrEP to ev...

Journal: :Antiviral therapy 2009
John E McKinnon John W Mellors Susan Swindells

Current U.S. guidelines for initial therapy of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection recommend daily, lifelong treatment with a combination of three antiretroviral drugs consisting of two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a protease inhibitor. Although this approach has been successful in reducing morbidity and mortality from HIV...

Journal: :Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2014
Dokuboba Amachree A John Moody Richard D Handy

Aquatic organisms are often subject to intermittent exposure to pollutants in real ecosystems. This study aimed to compare mercury accumulation and the physiological responses of mussels, Mytilus edulis during continuous and intermittent exposure to the metal. Mussels were treated in a semi-static, triplicated design to either a control (no added Hg) or 50 µg l(-1) Hg as HgCl2 in continuous (da...

2013
Freddie M. Kibengo Eugene Ruzagira David Katende Agnes N. Bwanika Ubaldo Bahemuka Jessica E. Haberer David R. Bangsberg Burc Barin James F. Rooney David Mark Paramesh Chetty Patricia Fast Anatoli Kamali Frances H. Priddy

BACKGROUND Efficacy of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in prevention of HIV acquisition has been evaluated using a daily regimen. However, adherence to long term daily medication is rarely perfect. Intermittent regimen may be a feasible alternative. Preclinical studies have demonstrated effectiveness of intermittent PrEP in SHIV prevention among animals. However, little is known about inte...

Journal: :American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 2000
D W Rimmer D B Boivin T L Shanahan R E Kronauer J F Duffy C A Czeisler

In humans, experimental studies of circadian resetting typically have been limited to lengthy episodes of exposure to continuous bright light. To evaluate the time course of the human endogenous circadian pacemaker's resetting response to brief episodes of intermittent bright light, we studied 16 subjects assigned to one of two intermittent lighting conditions in which the subjects were present...

Journal: :The New England journal of medicine 2011
Robert S Zeiger David Mauger Leonard B Bacharier Theresa W Guilbert Fernando D Martinez Robert F Lemanske Robert C Strunk Ronina Covar Stanley J Szefler Susan Boehmer Daniel J Jackson Christine A Sorkness James E Gern H William Kelly Noah J Friedman Michael H Mellon Michael Schatz Wayne J Morgan Vernon M Chinchilli Hengameh H Raissy Elizabeth Bade Jonathan Malka-Rais Avraham Beigelman Lynn M Taussig

BACKGROUND Daily inhaled glucocorticoids are recommended for young children at risk for asthma exacerbations, as indicated by a positive value on the modified asthma predictive index (API) and an exacerbation in the preceding year, but concern remains about daily adherence and effects on growth. We compared daily therapy with intermittent therapy. METHODS We studied 278 children between the a...

Journal: :Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 1997
M K Danks C A Pawlik D O Whipple J S Wolverton

Camptothecin analogues such as topotecan increase the number of covalent topoisomerase I-DNA complexes, which, in turn, have been proposed to initiate apoptosis. If induction of apoptosis by the camptothecins is, in fact, dependent on the formation of topoisomerase I-DNA complexes, then it would be of clinical relevance to identify schedules of exposure to the camptothecins that maximize the fo...

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