We believe that the study of the notions of universal algebra modelled in an arbitarry topos rather than in the category of sets provides a deeper understanding of the real features of the algebraic notions. [2], [3], [4], [S], [6], [7], [13], [14] are some examples of this approach. The lattice Id(L) of ideals of a lattice L (in the category of sets) is an important ingredient of the categ...

the subjects of heat transfer and cooling system are very important topics in the internal combustion engines (ice). in modern cooling systems, low weight, small size and high compactness are the critical designing criteria that requires heat transfer enhancement. boiling phenomenon which is occurred in the water jacket of the ice is one of the methods to increase heat transfer in the coolant s...

Abstract A recent article [1] considered the so-called ‘ideal curve flow’, a sixth-order curvature flow that seeks to deform closed planar curves with least variation of total geodesic in L2 sense. It was critical analysis there length bound on evolving curves. is natural suspect therefore length-constrained ideal should permit more straightforward analysis, at case small initial ‘energy’. In t...

Artery reconstruction in upper extremities is rare performed compared to artery reconstruction in lower extremities. Primary vascular repair was performed in many cases. An interposition vein graft or venous bypass grafting were applied in order to alleviate thrombus in blood vessel. However, one or more of the applied vein graft are blocked or severely narrowed due to the mismatched internal d...