511 commercial emails from four asian countries, namely china, pakistan, india, and iran have been analyzed in a mixed-method design. the focus of the study is on the two features of politeness and intimacy. in the quantitative analysis, the model proposed by brown & levinson (1987) and that of coulmas (2005) which have drawn upon the features of indirectness in requesting and the length of...

INTRODUCTION Violence against women perpetrated by their intimate partners is a social problem with adverse health consequences. Intimate partner violence has acute and chronic as well as direct and indirect health consequences related to physical, psychological, and reproductive health. Studies exploring relationships of intimate partner violence and health consequences are rare in Nepal. Henc...

background: spouse abuse so called intimate partner violence (ipv) is a common problem in the world. this survey was conducted to identify ipv prevalence and related factors in district health centers in hamadan, western iran, in hope that, by identifying risk factors, preventive guidelines could be understood. methods: in this descriptive analytic cross sectional study, 600 married women from ...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the frequency of intimate partner violence by type in a large, clinic-based, nurse-administered screening and services intervention project. METHODS A brief intimate partner violence screen, which included items to measure sexual and physical assaults and psychological battering (using the Women's Experience With Battering scale) was administered to consentin...

BACKGROUND Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. Furthermore, intimate partner problems are amid the top precipitating circumstances among suicide decedents. The aim of this study was to determine circumstantial associations of intimate partner problem-related suicides in suicide decedents in Kentucky. METHODS All suicides that were reported to the Kentucky Violent ...