1) Define first and second ionization potentials. Why is the second ionization potential greater than the first ionization potential? Discuss three factors affecting IP values of elements? Ans. The minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to convert it into a gaseous ion is called first ionization potential. It is expressed in e.v/atom or k...

The modelling of ionization potential depression in warm and hot dense plasmas constitutes a real theoretical challenge due to ionic coupling electron degeneracy effects. In this work, we present quantum statistical model based on multi-configuration description the electronic structure framework Density Functional Theory. We discuss different conceptual issues inherent definition compare our r...

We present a practical numerical technique for calculating tunneling ionization rates from arbitrary 1-D potential wells in the presence of a linear external potential by determining the widths of the resonances in the spectral density, ρ(E), adiabatically connected to the field-free bound states. While this technique applies to more general external potentials, we focus on the ionization of el...