A Cu-catalyzed oxidative ipso-annulation of activated alkynes with unactivated alkanes for the synthesis of 3-alkyl spiro[4,5]trienones is described. This method allows the formation of two carbon-carbon bonds and one carbon-oxygen bond in a single reaction through a sequence of C-H oxidative coupling, ipso-carbocyclization and dearomatization.

Making full use of abundant renewable solar energy through the development of photovoltaic (PV) technology is an effective means to solve the problems such as difficulty in electricity supply and energy shortages in remote rural areas. In order to improve the electricity generating efficiency of PV cells, it is necessary to track the maximum power point of PV array, which is difficult to make u...

In this paper, an intelligent swarm based-wavelet neural network for affective mobile designed is presented. The contribution on this paper is to develop a new intelligent particle swarm optimization (iPSO), where a fuzzy logic system developed based on human knowledge is proposed to determine the inertia weight for the swarm movement of PSO and the control parameter of a newly introduced cross...

Multilayer perceptron (MLP) (trained with back propagation learning algorithm) takes large computational time. The complexity of the network increases as the number of layers and number of nodes in layers increases. Further, it is also very difficult to decide the number of nodes in a layer and the number of layers in the network required for solving a problem a priori. In this paper an improve...

Objective: Epigenetic modifications involving DNA methylation and histone statud are responsible for the stable maintenance of cellular phenotypes. Abnormalities may be causally involved in cancer development and therefore could have diagnostic potential. The field of epigenomics refers to all epigenetic modifications implicated in control of gene expression, with a focus on better understandin...

Compared with the traditional design, modular design has the prominent agility feature in dynamic integration, integrated system control of product modular design Meta-data was analyzed in this research, and then Meta modeling process throughout product modular design Meta-data was also proposed. Based on modular design Meta-model, under the same conditions, the same instance of a modular produ...

As a new swarm intelligence algorithm after Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA), Immune Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) is currently an important branch of evolutionary algorithm. Its basic idea is influenced and inspired by research results of their modeling and simulation of behaviors of swarms of birds in earlier periods. And their model and simulation algorithm mainly took use of biologist Frallk...

In the present study, an efficient optimization algorithm is proposed to optimal design of structures. The proposed algorithm is an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) which its global search performance is enhanced by employing the concept of cellular automata (CA). In the so-called improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm a new cellular automata based term is added to the ...