OBJECTIVES From the ancient era, emergence of Agriculture in the connecting region of Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau at the foothills of the Zagros Mountains, made Iranian gene pool as an important source of populating the region. It has differentiated the population spread and different language groups. In order to trace the maternal genetic affinity between Iranians and other populations...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the oral health status of 18-year-old Iranians in relation to their gender, place of residence and level of education. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-three calibrated examiners in 2002 collected data as part of a national survey, according to World Health Organization criteria for sampling and clinical diagnoses, across 28 provinces. The study sample was 4,448; male: 2,0...

I enthusiastically studied Parviz et al. article (1). It was an exceptional description of the possibility that great Persian and Andalusian physicians like Haly Abbas and Ibn Rushd might be familiar with optic neuritis and its relationship with paresthesia. This has not only been significant in medical history and proves the role of Persian traditional medicine in promoting science but also pr...

The old city of Beijing has been recognized as the greatest masterpiece of urban planning and urban design. However, since 1949 it has experienced extensive and fast constructions and demolitions, a large number of papers argued that physical and social structure of old city of Beijing has been fading away. In order to find a proper way to protect and redevelop the old Beijing city, it could be...

This long-lasting point in his life due to economic developments, social and cultural development of the Industrial Revolution, the foundation has been transformed. Today, the need for rehabilitation and restoration of these islands what the city increases, the need to develop a coherent and logical connection between the old and new areas to preserve and enhance the integrity and identity of...

BACKGROUND Caucasian norms are still used in the orthodontic treatment of Iranian patients, despite the different ethnic backgrounds of Iranians. The aims of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric features of an Iranian population and to establish cephalometric norms for Iranian living in the central region of Iran (Isfahan). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 238 lateral cephalometric r...

introduction one of the critical issues associated with sustainability in the twenty-first century is how cities are growing and developing in the space. rapid urban growth and physical development of cities cause disintegration of the spatial organization of cities and consequently spatial inequality between urban spaces. this phenomenon can be considered as spatial segregation or fragmentatio...