al-ṭabaqāt al-kubrā by muḥammad b. sa‘d baṣrī (d. 230/844) is one of the significant books on the biography of the prophet (s.a.w.), his companions, successors to the companions, and the transmitters of ḥadīth up to the early decades of third ah century. with a case study of imam ‘alī’s life in this book, the present research seeks to elucidate the difference of the reports presented by the tra...

according to the traditionists (akhbārīs), “inference of theoretical precepts from the external meanings of the qur’ān and the sunna of the prophet without reference to the infallible imams is not permitted. also, after enquiry into the sayings of the imams, if no contextual evidence is found, it has to be ceased and no recourse can be made to the above external meanings.” the reasons that akhb...

Along with proving the sufficiency of the Qur’ān for the extraction of the religious knowledge, the Qur’ānists have doubted the authenticity and the authoritativeness of the sunna and Ḥadīth. One of their reasons for the inauthenticity of the sunna is the inefficiency of the Ḥadīth evaluation and criticism system. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study first analyzes their mai...

the written works of ibn bābawayh (shaykh ṣadūq), head of the traditionists and the distinguished figure of shī‘ī ḥadīth in fourth/tenth century, had amounted to 300 books and treatises. a proficient scholar, he has standards and criteria in the field of ḥadīth in general and in criticizing ḥadīth in particular that incorporate approaches and patterns as a guide map and a role model. in order t...

p.h.d student in history of civilization and islamic nation. although the historiographical books believe that biograhpical historiography (put the people in different social classes for historical studies) is one of the most uthentic kinds and branches of muslims' historiography, but we can not find, easily, the trace of this branch in historiographical books. and even we can not find the...