Large-scale chaotic stirring stretches tracer contours into filaments containing fine spatial scales until smallscale diffusive processes dissipate tracer variance. Quantification of tracer transport in such circumstances is possible through the use of Nakamura’s ‘‘effective diffusivity’’ diagnostics, which make clear the controlling role of stirring, rather than small-scale dissipation, in lar...

In this paper we investigate the geometric structure and control of exponential families depending on additional parameters, called external parameters. These generalized emerge naturally when one applies maximum entropy formalism to derive equilibrium statistical mechanics framework. We study associated model, compute Fisher metric introduce a natural fibration parameter space over space. The ...

The isentropic system of equations has particular advantages in the numerical modeling of weather and climate. These include the elimination of the vertical velocity in adiabatic flow, which simplifies the motion to a two-dimensional problem and greatly reduces the numerical errors associated with vertical advection. The mechanism for the vertical transfer of horizontal momentum is simply the p...

Organic fluids could be classified into wet, dry and isentropic types according to the slope of the saturated vapor envelope on a temperature-entropy diagram. Due to the limited availability of pure isentropic refrigerants, attempts are made to make isentropic mixtures by mixing wet and dry refrigerants with an appropriate composition in the present work. A simple principle for selecting potent...

Abstract. In this paper, the global existence of smooth solutions for the three-dimensional (3D) non-isentropic bipolar hydrodynamic model is showed when the initial data are close to a constant state. This system takes the form of non-isentropic Euler–Poisson with electric field and frictional damping added to the momentum equations. Moreover, the L-decay rate of the solutions is also obtained...

A two-layer Hamiltonian toy model consisting of two isentropic stratospheric layers is simplified using perturbation analysis while preserving the Hamiltonian structure. These two layers are neutrally and stably stratified. The first approximation applies when the Froude number of the upper isentropic layer is small, such that the upper surface is approximately rigid, and this upper layer is mu...

Batch melting of ascending mantle can be approximated as an isentropic process, since on the time scale of melting heat flow into or out of source regions will typically be negligible and the process is slow enough to be close to reversible. Similarly, fractional fusion can be idealized as a series of incremental isentropic melting steps, although the entropy of the residue decreases in each st...

Isentropic transport and mixing are important processes for the distribution of chemical constituents in the mid-to-high latitudes. A new framework is introduced to quantify both isentropic transport and isentropic mixing in a modified Lagrangian coordinate. The framework is applied to quantify the transport and mixing associated with the two types of Rossby wave breaking (i.e. cyclonic and ant...

In this paper, we first generalize the classical results on Cauchy problem for positive symmetric quasilinear systems to more general Besov space. Through this generalization, we obtain the local well-posedness with initial data in the space B d 2 +1 2,1 (R ) which has critical regularity index. We then apply these results to give an explicit characterization on the Isentropic approximation for...

Extratropical tropospheric variability is investigated during Northern Hemisphere winter in the context of feedbacks between the meridional slope of the isentropic surfaces and the generation of eddy activity in the lower troposphere. The results reveal that at mid-high latitudes, periods of anomalously large tropospheric eddy heat fluxes (and thus wave generation) are preceded by anomalously s...