Abstract The paper analyses the beginnings of systematic ontology in Jainism, which appears to have began after first century CE, albeit certain ontology-relevant terminology a nascent form was present earlier. A clear expression ontological reflection is existence models that organize ideas and categories more consistent conceptual scheme. Jainism follows similar developments had earlier taken...

This publication presents the first translation into European language of only Sanskrit commentary Tātparya-vrŠ tti almost unknown Digambara exegete Padmaprabha Maladhārideva (12th century) on chapter-adhikāra treatise Niyama-sāra (“Essence Restraint”) by Kundakunda (3rd–4th centuries), who is one most authoritative Jain authors. The chapter introduces problems text and gives a general idea “Th...