STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate variations and trends in life expectancy in English district health authorities in relation to gender and Jarman deprivation level. DESIGN Mortality data for English health authorities from 1984-94, compiled by the Office for National Statistics, were assessed conventionally and using life table techniques. SETTING District health authorities in England. MA...

BACKGROUND Successive quinquennial National Infant Feeding Surveys have provided a valuable picture of national and regional variations in infant feeding practices within the United Kingdom. Social variation in breastfeeding has been recognised to be an important source of health inequalities in childhood by the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report. AIM To determine the prev...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the relation between out of hours activity of general practice and accident and emergency services with deprivation and distance from accident and emergency department. DESIGN Six month longitudinal study. SETTING Six general practices and the sole accident and emergency department in Nottingham. SUBJECTS 4745 out of hours contacts generated by 45,182 patients fr...

Studies examining characteristics of non-attendance at hospital outpatients have given inconsistent results. We examined a cohort of 1972 referrals from 26 general practitioners, with complete follow-up. Five factors were found to be significantly associated with non-attendance: male sex, younger age, longer interval between referral and appointment, higher Jarman score and patients of a high-r...

In order to identify the risk factors (predictors) of re-hospitalisation for high-risk asthmatic patients, a retrospective logistic regression analysis describing the relationship between the probability of re-admission and possible predictors in hospitalised asthmatics, aged over 5 years, between 1994-1998, was designed. Study setting was a district general hospital in the West Yorkshire, UK. ...

In order to identify the risk factors (predictors) of re-hospitalisation for high-risk asthmatic patients, a retrospective logistic regression analysis describing the relationship between the probability of re-admission and possible predictors in hospitalised asthmatics, aged over 5 years, between 1994-1998, was designed. Study setting was a district general hospital in the West Yorkshire, UK. ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE General practitioners (GPs) working in deprived areas supposedly have higher workloads. In the UK, this has led to a higher payment per patient from deprived areas, based on eight indicators of deprivation proposed by Jarman. This paper aimed to examine the applicability of the Jarman index (indicators and attached weights) at patient level in an urban GP setting outside the UK....

The use of the Jarman under privileged area (UPA) scoring system as a means of remunerating general practitioners (GPs) for the additional workload associated with deprivation has been the subject of much debate and criticism. GPs who are based in rural practices often fail to attract any deprivation payments and are particularly aggrieved. They criticise the UPA system for being more sensitive...