Municipality of Tehran with huge number of employees and with the aim to reduce stress and promote the work efficiency, seriously wants to achieve suitable and utilizable studies. Osipow's job stress test is one of the best tools to reach this aim. Data population includes securities building of municipality of Tehran (88 persons from region 18 and 72 persons from region 20), who were randomly ...

This paper analyzes the relationship between structured finance par coupon spreads at issuance and the securities' credit performance. Using structured finance securities including asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations issued in the U.S. during 1998-2004, we find spreads vary substantially by rating, over time, and across asset classes; the spreads on s...

The paper “Securities Transaction Taxes and Financial Markets” by Karl Habermeier and Andrew Kirilenko is an excellent overview of the literature and key issues related to securities transaction taxes (hereafter referred to as STTs). The paper does a particularly good job of linking arguments from very different strands of literature—ranging from work on market microstructure to corporate finan...

this paper tries to evaluate the nature of open market operation in the conventional banking system and to compare the usage of government securities and central bank securities for conducting this operation. in addition, the experience of the iranian central bank in using central bank musharakah certificates is reviewed. the main results of the paper, derived from an analytical- descriptive ap...

An extensive literature has found that individuals favor investments that they are more familiar with and are geographically proximate. Familiarity bias implies that foreign investors may perceive lower expected payoff and/or higher risk for domestic firm’s asset payoffs. This paper explores how a firm issues different securities across borders in segmented international financial markets under...

1. This document aims at carrying out a comparison between two distinct approaches which may be used for the calculation of income on securities: (i) Security-by-security approach. This approach entails combining resident investors’ holdings of foreign securities and non-resident holdings of domestic securities (by individual securities) with the information available (e.g. in a master file dat...

This paper employs a the variable returns to scale DEA model to take account of risky assets and estimate the operating efficiencies for the 21 domestic listed securities firms during the period 2005-2009. Evidence is found that on average the brokerage securities firms’ operating efficiencies are better than integrated securities firms. Evidence is also found that the technical inefficiency fr...

We examine whether rational investor responses to information uncertainty (IU) explain properties of and returns to several financial anomalies (post-earnings announcement drift, value-glamour, and accruals anomalies). Consistent with a rational learning explanation, we find that: (1) higher IU signals have more muted initial market reactions; (2) extreme anomaly portfolios are characterized by...

The market for U.S. Treasury securities is by many measures the largest, most active debt market in the world. At the end of September 1999, the amount of Treasury debt held outside federal government accounts totaled about $3.6 trillion, close to the amount of outstanding debt securities issued by all U.S. corporations combined.1 Moreover, enormous amounts of Treasury securities are traded eve...

Securities fraud is a common worldwide problem, resulting in serious negative consequences to securities market each year. Securities Regulatory Commission from various countries has also attached great importance to the detection and prevention of securities fraud activities. Securities fraud is also increasing due to the rapid expansion of securities market in China. In accomplishing the task...