The aim of this paper is to present three new aspects of KEEL: KEEL-dataset, a data set repository which includes the data set partitions in the KEEL format and shows some results of algorithms in these data sets; some guidelines for including new algorithms in KEEL, helping the researchers to make their methods easily accessible to other authors and to compare the results of many approaches al...

The European ban on battery cages has forced a change towards the use of non-cage or furnished cage systems, but unexpectedly this has been associated with an increased prevalence of keel bone fractures in laying hens. Bone fractures are acutely painful in mammals, but the effect of fractures on bird welfare is unclear. We recently reported that keel bone fractures have an effect on bird mobili...

This article reviews current knowledge about welfare implications of keel bone damage in laying hens. As an initial part, we shortly describe the different conditions and present major risk factors as well as findings on the prevalence of the conditions. Keel bone damage is found in all types of commercial production, however with varying prevalence across systems, countries, and age of the hen...

Fractures of the keel bone in laying hens occur frequently within free-range systems and are a significant welfare concern. As poultry farmers have increasingly adopted this type of housing, it becomes more urgent to address the problem of such fractures. More than 80% of free-range birds could be affected, compared to 36% of birds in furnished-cage systems (Wilkins et al., 2011). A hen’s abili...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether selenium (Se) supplementation can provide protection from an enhanced risk of keel bone damage (KBD) in laying hens due to the cadmium (Cd) toxicity associated with sub-chronic exposure. In this trial, based on the model of laying hens fed a diet supplemented with Se, Cd or Se + Cd in combination, the keel bone fractures and deviations, the bone ...

The objective of this study was to investigate technical methods for extraction of mucopolysachharide-protein containing chondroitin sulfate from keel cartilage of chickens. The chemical composition of chicken keel cartilage was determined. For the preparation of mucopolysaccharide-protein from lyophilized chicken keel cartilage, hot water extraction and alcalase hydrolysis methods were examine...

The prevalence of keel bone damage as well as external egg parameters of 2 pure lines divergently selected for high (H) and low (L) bone strength were investigated in 2 aviary systems under commercial conditions. A standard LSL hybrid was used as a reference group. Birds were kept mixed per genetic line (77 hens of the H and L line and 201 or 206 hens of the LSL line, respectively, per pen) in ...

High prevalence of keel bone fractures in laying hens is reported in all housing systems. Keel fractures have been associated with pain and restricted mobility in hens in loose housing. The objective was to determine whether keel fractures were associated with activity of hens in furnished cages. Thirty-six pairs of LSL-Lite hens (72 weeks) were enrolled in the study. One hen with a fractured k...

We show that the log canonical bundle, κ, of M0,n is very ample, show the homogeneous coordinate ring is Koszul, and give a nice set of rank 4 quadratic generators for the homogeneous ideal: The embedding is equivariant for the symmetric group, and the image lies on many Segre embedded copies of P×· · ·×P, permuted by the symmetric group. The homogeneous ideal of M0,n is the sum of the homogene...