In recent years, the studies of location play a key role in success and stability of economic activities. Location studies are under consideration in both national and international levels. Meanwhile, identification of goals and methods of solving location problems have significant importance. The purpose of this paper is to examine spatial distribution of economic activities in 14 zones of Esf...

Firms and workers are much more productive in large and dense urban environments. There is substantial evidence of such agglomeration economies based on three aproaches. First, on a clustering of production beyond what can be explained by chance or comparative advantage. Second, on spatial patterns in wages and rents. Third, on systematic variations in productivity with the urban environment. H...

Firms and workers are much more productive in large and dense urban environments. There is substantial evidence of such agglomeration economies based on three aproaches. First, on a clustering of production beyond what can be explained by chance or comparative advantage. Second, on spatial patterns in wages and rents. Third, on systematic variations in productivity with the urban environment. H...

Agglomeration Economies, or production cost savings due to geographic clustering of firms and industries, can enhance the growth and development of firms, industries, regions and cities. We provide an overview of the theory and empirical literature of agglomeration, and highlight several applications from the cost function perspective. These applications include cost savings from density in the...

urbanization agglomeration that is named jacobs externalities, refers to the role of economic diversification in urban. localization agglomeration, marshal-arrow-romer (mar) externalities, is related to the concentration of firms activated in a special industry within a specified place. the purpose of this research is to explore the impact of different types of agglomeration economies on employ...

Most models of regional agglomeration are based on the NEG (New Economic Geography) model in which returns to scale are pecuniary. We investigate the implications for regional agglomeration of a "Marshallian" model in which returns to scale derive from technological externalities. Workers are assumed to have heterogeneous "home region" preferences. The model is designed to explain how "second n...

www.phil.frb.org Business Review Q4 2003 7 www.phil.frb.org employment in the U.S. is located in metropolitan areas, and these areas account for 24 percent of the total land area of the country. Why is employment so heavily concentrated in selected areas of the country? Economists think that spatial concentration of employment (or, more generally, economic activity) develops for two very differ...

This paper examines the agglomeration benefits of a transportation improvement in a city by modeling the microstructure of urban agglomeration based on monopolistic competition of differentiated intermediate products. Properly extended to include variety distortion in addition to price distortion, Harberger’s measure of excess burden yields the agglomeration benefits. The agglomeration benefits...

Multinationals exhibit distinct agglomeration patterns which have transformed the global landscape of industrial production (Alfaro and Chen, 2014). Using a unique worldwide plant-level dataset that reports detailed location, ownership, and operation information for plants in over 100 countries, we construct a spatially continuous index of pairwise-industry agglomeration and investigate the pat...

Geographically concentrated industry activity creates pools of skilled labor and specialized suppliers, and increases opportunities for knowledge spillovers. The strategic value of these agglomeration economies may vary by firm, depending upon the relative value of each economy, and upon firm and agglomeration economy traits. To better determine when a firm will be attracted to agglomeration ec...