one of the specific aspects of our time is the existence of world trade organization as an important international center. this organization regulates the commercial laws among the countries, and tries to provide a suitable environment for trade by eliminating the subsidies using protection policies and making a better condition for competition. in order to achieve this objective, the economic ...

The complex nature of the petrochemical industries necessitates an efficient decision on a large number of factors so as to optimally operate a plant. Production planning is an integral part of the petrochemical industry and requires the optimal selection of processes, production levels and products to maximize its profit. Previously an MILP formulation has been proposed for guiding the petroch...

There have been growing concerns regarding the limited fossil resources and global climate changes resulting from modern civilization. Currently, finding renewable alternatives to conventional petrochemical processes has become one of the major focus areas of the global chemical industry sector. Since over 4.2 million tons of acrylic acid (AA) is annually employed for the manufacture of various...

Production of fuels and chemicals through microbial fermentation of plant material is a desirable alternative to petrochemical-based production. Fermentative production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals requires the engineering of biocatalysts that can quickly and efficiently convert sugars to target products at a cost that is competitive with existing petrochemical-based processes. It is als...

Distillation is an essential separation process in the chemical and petrochemical industry. The distillation process is a highly nonlinear, complex, interactive and non -stationary, therefore its control is difficult. In the present work an adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller is designed to control a binary distillation process. A conventional PID controller is also designed for comparison purpose....

The release of phenolic compounds in the effluents of petrochemical, textile and coal industry has resulted in contamination of receiving environment. It is very necessary to remove these compounds before discharge of effluents as phenol is toxic to nature. Among the treatment methods biodegradation is considered as cost effective method. The paper reviews various methods used for biodegradatio...

Crude oil is one of the most important energetic resources in the world. It is used as raw material in numerous industries, including the refinery-petrochemical industry, where crude oil is refined through various technological processes into consumer products such as gasoline, oils, paraffin oils, lubricants, asphalt, domestic fuel oil, vaseline, and polymers. Oil-derived products are also com...

Input-output modeling and multiplier analysis are used to assess Taiwan's five petrochemical industries, based upon their economic contribution and potential impacts on energy consumption and CO2 emission. In addition, a consolidated index system was developed for evaluating energy and economic efficiencies as well as targets for CO2 reduction. Results indicate that petrochemical materials (PM)...

The purpose of this study is to identify areas energy-efficient development in petrochemical supply chains through the use computer analysis tools. uses system approach methods, comparisons, vertical dynamic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, forecasting, factor analysis. Listed implementation methods helps meet number scientific results: systematized programs are applicable for prod...