: All services needs to have an accuracy, availability and speed. Internet users are increasing very rapidly which indicates a challenge in maintaining the accuracy, availability and speed in the Internet services. To reduce the load on Internet and improve the Quality of Service (QoS) the web caching technique are in use and all proxy server are maintaining their own cache to provide the reque...

although the shelling and bombing against the residential areas have been prohibited in the international law, the iraqi regime used these tools frequently to advance its military and political strategy. these attacks were escalated after the kheibar operation. this article considers the definitions and concepts of the war of the cities and then studies the trend of this war during the iran-ira...

We study a number of large international military conflicts since World War II where we establish a news analysis as a proxy for the estimated likelihood that the conflict will result in a war. We find that in cases when there is a pre-war phase, an increase in the war likelihood tends to decrease stock prices, but the ultimate outbreak of a war increases them. In cases when a war starts as a s...

This article examines the role of strategy in proxy wars, with goal identifying relevant findings to wars. Comparatively analyzing Russia and U.S.’s strategies Russo-Ukrainian War is useful this end – four major emerge. First, a state’s dependent on variables unique that state, those available proxy. Second, proxies actual individuals or groups are not singular their characteristics. A proxy’s ...

Can online behaviour be used as a proxy for studying urban mobility? The increasing availability of digital mobility traces has provided new insights into collective human behaviour. Mobility datasets have been shown to be an accurate proxy for daily behaviour and social patterns, and behavioural data from Twitter has been used to predict real world phenomena such as cinema ticket sale volumes,...

The twentieth century was the bloodiest period in human history. It was plagued by two major world wars and the “cold war” between the West and the Soviet Union, which fought proxy wars in decolonizing and developing countries. In World War I, the Turkish government appalled the world by staging one of the most barbaric massacres in modern times: the death march of the Armenians in Turkey. Neve...