A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

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We investigate policy reform in a model in which there are both rent seeking and lobbying activities. These two activities involve similar skills, so a reform which reduces rents will cause a shift into lobbying. Also, lobbying is subject to a free-rider problem, so the marginal return to the industry from lobbying may greatly exceed an individual firm’s return to lobbying. Thus, the shift into...

We study the technological pre-conditions for competitive equilibrium in a multisectoral economy where“land” is an essential imput. Earlier results by Bidard and Salvadori require either very low interest rates or are unable to predict the type of final demand vectors that can be supported by an equilibrium. We extend these earlier results and show that a given level and structure of final dema...

The (Unexpected) Structure of “Rents” on the French and British Labour Markets This paper considers the allocation of labour on the French and British markets, using objective wage and subjective satisfaction data. We show that, in some sectors, workers enjoy both higher wages and higher job satisfaction. We argue that this reflects labour market wage rents. Perhaps surprisingly, wage rents are...