A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

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In this paper we present a procedure to deal with a kind of single-stage decision problems with imprecise utilities. In this type of problems the product measurability of the utility function is not required. So that, the involved expectations are calculated by means of iterated integrals instead of integrals over product spaces. Keywords— Bayesian decision analysis, Iterated expectation, Kudo-...

It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...