Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L., Moench] a native of South-Africa and commonly known as ‘Bhindi’ is an annual malvaceous vegetable crop, especially grown in tropical subtropical climates. It also called “perfect villager’s vegetable”. Root-knot nematodes are considered among the top five major plant pathogens first ten most important genera parasitic world. Amongst nematodes, root-knot nematode...

5 Introduction 6 Introduction to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) 6 The life cycle of Meloidogyne species 8 Integrated pest management and biological control 11 Nematophagous fungi 12 Pochonia chlamydosporia (syn. Verticillium chlamydosporium) 12 Materials and Methods 14 Results and Discussion 15 P. chlamydosporia as a control agent of root knot nematodes 15 Conclusions 21 References 23

Root-knot nematodes cause annual losses of about USD $100 billion worldwide. Development of natural resistance to nematicides by nematodes and the tendency to withdraw chemical pesticides/nematicides from the market led to the search for new methods of control. Biological control of root-knot nematodes with Paecilomyces lilacinus is being investigated thoroughly, but there is a lack of informat...

Secreted proteins coded by parasitism genes expressed in esophageal gland cells mediate infection and parasitism of plants by root-knot nematodes. An essential parasitism gene, designated as 16D10, encodes a conserved root-knot nematode secretory peptide that stimulates root growth and functions as a ligand for a plant transcription factor. Plants were engineered to silence this parasitism gene...

Root-knot nematode is an important pest in agricultural production worldwide. Crop rotation is the only management strategy in some production systems, especially for resource poor farmers in developing countries. A series of experiments was conducted in the laboratory with several leguminous cover crops to investigate their potential for managing a mixture of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne a...

Within the phylum Nematoda, plant-parasitism is hypothesized to have arisen independently on at least four occasions. The most economically damaging plant-parasitic nematode species, and consequently the most widely studied, are those that feed as they migrate destructively through host roots causing necrotic lesions (migratory endoparasites) and those that modify host root tissue to create a n...

Granular and liquid commercial humates, with micronutrients, and a microbial fermentation product were compared in several combinations with nematicides for their effects on cotton lint yield and root-knot nematode suppression. Fumigant nematicides effectively reduced cotton root galling caused by root-knot nematodes, and cotton lint yields increased. Organophosphates and carbamates were not ef...

Millet, milo, soybean, crotalaria, and Norman pigeon pea were used in conjunction with clean fallow and a nematicide (fensulfothion) for managing nematode populations in the production of tomato transplants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Glean fallow was the most effective treatment in suppressing nematode numbers. After 2 years in tomato, root-knot nematodes increased in numbers to damaging ...

s of Papers PCR-based identification of root-knot nematodes

root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp., are one of the important plant parasitic nematodes of tomato in the world. the most suitable control method of plant parasitic nematodes is the use of resistance sources and tolerant cultivars. in the earlier studies, the results showed thatonly 2% (19 out of 537 varieties) were resistant and tolerant to the root knot nematodes. in the supplementary studie...