Background L-citrulline is an amino acid that is an endogenous precursor of L-arginine and contributes to generating nitric oxide (NO). L-citrulline is known for increasing plasma L-arginine and NO more effectively than equivalent doses of L-arginine. NO plays an important role in sport performance but it is presently unknown whether L-citrulline enhances sport performance during rowing ergomet...

To determine whether circulating citrulline can be manipulated in vivo in humans, and, if so, whether citrulline availability affects the levels of related amino acids, nitric oxide, urinary citrulline, and urea nitrogen, 10 healthy volunteers were studied on 3 separate days: 1) under baseline conditions; 2) after a 24-h treatment with phenylbutyrate (0.36 g.kg(-1).day(-1)), a glutamine "trappi...

Dietary L-citrulline is thought to modulate muscle protein turnover by increasing L-arginine availability. To date, the direct effects of increased L-citrulline concentrations in muscle have been completely neglected. Therefore, we determined the role of L-citrulline in regulating cell size during catabolic conditions by depriving mature C2C12 myotubes of growth factors (serum free; SF) or grow...

(1) l-citrulline, a coproduct of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-catalysed metabolism of l-arginine to nitric oxide (NO), is an important intermediate of the urea cycle and a precursor for l-arginine biosynthesis in vascular cells. (2) In the present study, we have examined the characteristics of l-citrulline transport, regulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and the...

Endothelium injury plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Damage to the endothelium results in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Natriuretic peptides present a potent antimitogenic action, mediating their biological effects via the binding of guanylate cyclase-linked atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor and the production of cyclic GMP. In a previous study, we demonstrated th...

L-citrulline plays important roles in many physiological processes, and its application range is expanding rapidly. Corynebacterium glutamicum strains have the potential to be efficient producers. In this study, we performed optimization of biosynthesis operon C. ATCC13032 for production. Chromosomal integration integral argBEc gene from Escherichia coli (encoding natively insensitive N-acetylg...

Newborn piglets develop pulmonary hypertension and have diminished pulmonary vascular nitric oxide (NO) production when exposed to chronic hypoxia. NO is produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the pulmonary vascular endothelium using l-arginine as a substrate and producing l-citrulline as a byproduct. l-Citrulline is metabolized to l-arginine by two enzymes that are colocated with eNOS i...

BACKGROUND Many human studies report that nitric oxide (NO) improves sport performance. This is because NO is a potential modulator of blood flow, muscle energy metabolism, and mitochondrial respiration during exercise. L-Citrulline is an amino acid present in the body and is a potent endogenous precursor of L-arginine, which is a substrate for NO synthase. Here, we investigated the effect of o...

Diabetes mellitus–induced oxidative stress causes increased renal oxygen consumption and intrarenal tissue hypoxia. Nitric oxide is an important determinant of renal oxygen consumption and electrolyte transport efficiency. The present study investigates whether l-arginine or l-citrulline to promote nitric oxide production prevents the diabetes mellitus–induced kidney dysfunction. Glomerular fil...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. The life-cycle of Plasmodium species involves several stages both in mosquito and the vertebrate host. In the erythrocytic stage, Plasmodium resides inside the red blood cells (RBCs), where it meets most of its nutritional requirement by degrad- ing host's haemoglobin. L-arginine is required for growth...