The study detailed in this article investigates the connection between L2 competency level of Vietnamese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and Dörnyei's (2005, 2009) Second Motivational Self System (L2MSS). Descriptive inferential analyses collected data revealed expected—that components L2MSS were good predictor learners’ intended learning efforts. However, also established that lea...

l2 research has shown that instruction in l2 pragmatics is necessary. the current study evaluated the impact of explicit instruction on efl learner's awareness and production of three speech acts of request, apology, and complaint. it also probed whether learners’ language proficiency plays any role in incorporating pragmatic instruction into the l2 classroom. iranian undergraduate students maj...

l2 research has shown that instruction in l2 pragmatics is necessary. the current study evaluated the impact of explicit instruction on efl learner's awareness and production of three speech acts of request, apology, and complaint. it also probed whether learners’ language proficiency plays any role in incorporating pragmatic instruction into the l2 classroom. iranian undergraduate student...

Locus of control, a psychological construct, has been the focus of attention in recent decades. Psychologists have discussed the effect of locus of control on achieving life goals in social/psychological interactions. While learning a foreign language involves both social interactions and psychological processes, the role and relation of locus of control in foreign language achievement is seemi...

The identification of the cognitive, affective, social and even physiological factors affecting second or foreign language learning routes and rate has for long been a challenging aspiration for second language researchers. However, a recent preoccupation of the researchers in this area has been the study of the combinatorial impacts of such factors on second or foreign language learning proces...

teachers can influence the complex process of learning in education, in general, and in second/foreign language (l2) learning in particular. in this light, understanding the factors influencing teachers’ pedagogical success can help l2 teachers achieve more effective teaching. this study then investigated the role of spiritual intelligence (si) in l2 teachers’ pedagogical success. in so doing, ...

Many classroom climate studies suffer from two critical problems. They: (a) treat climate as a studentlevel (L1) variable in single-level analyses instead of a classroom-level (L2) construct in multilevel analyses; and (b) rely on manifest-variable models rather than latent-variable models that control measurement error at L1 and L2, and sampling error in the aggregation of L1 ratings to form L...