To the Editor: Poliomyelitis outbreaks caused by pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are primarily a result of low polio vaccine coverage. Low coverage enables interhuman circulation of polioviruses (PVs) from the oral polio vaccine (OPV), and it enables genetic drift of the viruses and their subsequent reversion to neurovirulent phenotypes (1). Polio outbreaks associated with type ...

The progress of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative is monitored by acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance supplemented with environmental surveillance in selected areas. To assess the sensitivity of environmental surveillance, stools from (re)vaccinated elderly persons with a low seroprevalence and from wastewater were concurrently collected and analyzed in the Netherlands over a prolo...

background and objectives : each year, enteroviruses infect millions of people and cause different diseases. the agents are usually detected using cell culture. rd (rhabdomyosarcoma) and l20b (l cells) are among the recommended cells by the world health organisation (who) for this purpose. even though cell culture is the most common method used in diagnosing enteroviruses in stool specimens, th...

Wild poliovirus (WPV) persists in diverse locales worldwide, spreading outward from endemic areas. In response to the international threat of WPV transmission and changes in the national vaccination policy, we established an environmental surveillance system to monitor the circulation of wild and vaccine-related poliovirus in Taiwan. From July 2012 to December 2013, we collected sewage specimen...

BackgroundAcute Flaccid Paralyses Surveillance (AFPS) monitors the emergence of polioviruses and can track Non-Polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs). We report AFPS activity in Lombardy region (Northern Italy) from 2016 to 2018.MethodsFecal respiratory samples were collected children <15 years who met WHO definition an AFP case, analyzed by virus isolation cell cultures (RD/L20B) a one-step real-time RT-...