This paper estimates the macroeconomic effect of labor market programs on labor force participation. Labor market programs could counteract business-cycle variation in the participation rate that is due to the discouraged-worker effect, and they could prevent labor force outflow. An equation that determines the participation rate is estimated with GMM, using panel data (1986-1998) for Sweden’s ...

The participation of women in the labor force has increased substantially during the past half century. In 1930, the 10 million women workers represented only 24 percent of all women and 22 percent of the total labor force (table 1). By 1957, the number of women workers had doubled and their labor-force participation had increased to 37 percent. In 1983, 48 million women were in the labor force...

extension of trade liberalization in countries is cause to increasing amount of goods in different sectors. exploit of global trade by increasing competitive power was regarded by researchers and policymakers in different countries. whereas abundance of production factor is one of the agent that makes advantage and qualitative land and labor force are two abundance production factors in agricul...

in the initial models of economic growth, economic factors entered in to models but in the following models, non-economic factors entered in to models. many broad studies were done on this subject by the economists, and already considerable results were obtained. subjects such as corruption in the administrative bodies were new variables entering the literature of economic growth at that stage....

One of the factors which influence individual's decision for presence or absence in the labor force is their personal features. In order to take appropriate policies to create employment and remove its obstacles in the countries labor market, we need to know the factors mentioned above and determine the amount and direction in which each factor influences the probability of individual's presenc...

Alternative theoretical perspectives have been presented to explain internationally effective factors affecting immigration. For example, the orthodox explanation of migration is based on the concept of wage differentials as an important factor of international immigration. The world system approach declines to interpret theoretically international migration as a phenomenon between independent ...

The labor force is projected to reach 129 million persons in 1995, up from 114 million in 1984, according to new Bureau of Labor Statistics projections . The new middle growth projections show the labor force growing at a slower rate over the 1984-95 period than over the 1975-84 period, with the slowest growth occurring during the early 1990's . Blacks are expected to account for a larger share...

In this paper, we investigate ways in which the relationship between health and labor force exit at older ages is moderated by family characteristics. Using two waves of data from a national sample of older Japanese men collected 1999 and 2002, we estimate logistic regression models for labor force exit beyond age 63 as a function of health change, family characteristics, and their interactions...