Antibiotic selection is challenging in patients with severe β-lactam allergy due to declining reliability of alternate antibiotics. Organisms isolated from these patients may exhibit unique resistance phenotypes. The objective of this study was to determine which alternate antibiotics or combinations provide adequate empirical therapy for patients with β-lactam allergy who develop Gram-negative...

Antimicrobial agents that target the bacterial cell wall or cell membrane have been used effectively for the past 70 years. Among the agents that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, the beta-lactam antibiotics have emerged into broad-spectrum agents that inhibit most pathogenic bacteria, but are now being threatened by the rapid spread of drug-inactivating beta-lactamases. Glycopeptides stil...

β-lactam antibiotics are among the most popular classes of antibacterial agents, whose mechanism of action consists on the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.1 The production of β-lactamase is the most important mechanism for bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics.2 Secondary metabolites produced by bacteria exhibit potent biological activities and have been developed extensively...

Beta-lactam antibiotics form the backbone of treatment for Gram-negative pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. However, this beta-lactam antibiotic backbone is increasingly under pressure from emerging resistance across all geographical regions, and health-care professionals in many countries are rapidly running out of effective treatment options. Even in reg...

The most common causes of death in neonatal period is infection (32%) followed by birth asphyxia (29%) and prematurity (24%).Neonatal infections currently cause 1.6 million deaths in developing countries (Choudhury et al., 2007). Multidrug resistant Gram negative bacilli belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae have been increasingly responsible for infections among the neonates admitted to t...

BACKGROUND The increasing problem of infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has led to re-use of polymyxins in several countries. However, there are already clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to all available antibiotics, including polymyxins. METHODS We present a case series of patients with infections due to pathogens resistant to all antimi...

Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by bacteria, mostly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae commonly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs hydrolyze beta-lactam ring antibiotics making these ineffective therefore rendering bacteria resistance against antibiotics. The global upsurge producing causing both hospital community acquired infections urinary ...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a worldwide health concern. The world health organization in its 2017 tuberculosis report states, “TB is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS” [1-3]. The failure to control TB is due to the emergence of Mtb strains that are resistant to first line ...

Contributions to the chemistry of 0-lactam antibiotics which have been performed for the past fifteen years are summarized. The work comprises syntheses of 1-oxa nuclear analogues of naturally occurring 0-lactam antibiotics in relation with structure-activity relationships. As the result of these studies several promisin compounds of the 1-oxacephem series were found. Among properties and are c...

Carpetimycins A and B, two new i3-lactam antibiotics related to thienamycin'), epithienamycins2), olivanic acids'-5) and PS-50, were found in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. KC-6643. These antibiotics have strong activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including (3-lactamase producing strains. Although the carbapenem antibiotics have been reported to be unstable subst...