Most studies on the factors limiting sustained energy intake (SusEI) during peak lactation period have been performed in females at the 1st lactation event. However, an inconsistent change in SusEI is observed between the 1st and 2nd lactation event. Thus, the limits to SusEI may be associated with reproductive experiences, but the effects of reproductive experiences on SusEI or reproductive ou...

random regression models (rrm) are used for genetic estimations of milk traits in dairy cows. rrm utilize data on traits that are repeated during the time, such as milk trait, which allows of the evaluation of the test day production information. in this study, to estimate genetic parameters for milk production trait, test day records (tdr) were collected from the first lactation of holstein co...

Background and Aim: The frequent use of opioids changes function and plasticity of neural circuits. Exposing the immature nervous system to opioids can have deeper and more extensive impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of morphine consumption during lactation period on learning and memory of rats offspring. Material and Methods: This experimental study included 40 mal...

the extended postpartum period is the time which is usually given less emphasis regarding family planning by policy makers, service providers and users. however, it is a time with a rising risk of unwanted conception and an often-frustrated desire for contraceptive protection. understanding the contraceptive behaviors, needs and preferences of women in this period is important the main objectiv...

In surrogate pregnancies genetic parents have little opportunity for early bonding with their infants either prenatally (in utero) or during the immediate postnatal period. Procedures commonly used to induce lactation include both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods often in combination. Studies reporting induced lactation are sparse due to the rarity of augmented lactation. Here we repo...

Normal physiological values of different blood parameters for various animals are influenced by a number of factors such as age, sex, breed, season, altitude, climatic conditions, nutrition and life habits of the species [4,6,9,19]. It has been reported that the significant differences (p < 0.001) in glucose, total lipid, cholesterol, total protein, uric acid and calcium levels were found betwe...

in surrogate pregnancies genetic parents have little opportunity for early bonding with their infants either prenatally (in utero) or during the immediate postnatal period. procedures commonly used to induce lactation include both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods often in combination. studies reporting induced lactation are sparse due to the rarity of augmented lactation. here we repo...