The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test has replaced about 80% of the use of the rabbit pyrogen test. Ideally, human-based in vitro tests are needed, to replace the remaining use of the rabbit test and the use of the LAL test. The progress of an EU-funded project is described, in which a number of in vitro tests, based on the human fever reaction are passing through a prevalidation study on th...

Despite being trained in pre-service teacher education programs, most EFL teachers are underprepared when faced with language assessment-related activities. Part of the problem emanates from the fact that Language Assessment Literacy (LAL) as a construct has not been well defined by experts. The purpose of this study was to pinpoint the components of LAL in the Iranian EFL context using an adap...

Disadvantages of the regulatory pyrogen test to assure safety of the end-product Human Serum Albumin (HSA) for parenteral use call for the implementation of an alternative test. In the current study, 16 HSA batches were assayed for pyrogens in parallel with the Rabbit Pyrogen Test, conventional and endotoxin-specific LAL assay and monocyte activation test (MAT). It was found that all HSA batche...

introduction: presently, bacteremia is the principal cause of morbidity in patients undergoing hemodialysis. gram-negative bacteria account for approximately 50 percent of documented infections. endotoxins released during lysis of gram negative bacteremia result in inflammatory and defense response by the body and if not treated promptly result in septic shock and ultimately death of the patien...

The observation that endotoxin caused gelation in extracts of Limulus amebocytes has been expanded to the development of an in vitro kinetic, quantitative chromogenic LAL assay (Kinetic-QCL) for the detection of endotoxin in aqueous fluids. Within the last 15 years, the use of Limulus amebocyte lysate to detect and control the presence of pyrogenic substances in pharmaceuticals and medical devi...

A collaborative study has been carried out to establish the precision and accuracy of five test systems for the assessment of the toxicity of whole cell pertussis vaccine. To this end, six vaccines, including both "normal" and "abnormal" products with respect to arbitrary levels of Pertussis toxin and/or potency were tested. The study included in vivo test systems as the Mouse Weight Gain (MWG)...

Biomedical companies catch and bleed horseshoe crabs for the production of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), a product used for protecting public health (Berkson and Shuster, 1999). LAL is a clotting agent, derived solely from horseshoe crab blood cells, which is used to detect the presence of pathogenic gramnegative bacteria in injectable drugs and implantable medical and dental devices (Mikkels...

Male wild house mice selected for a long (LAL) or a short (SAL) latency to attack a male intruder generally show opposing behavioural coping responses to environmental challenges. LAL mice, unlike SAL mice, adapt to novel challenges with a highly reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and show an enhanced expression of markers for hippocampal plasticity. The present study aimed to test th...

Lysosomal Acid Lipase (LAL) is a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, responsible for hydrolysing the cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. Wolman Disease represents the early onset phenotype of LAL deficiency rapidly leading to death. Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease is a late onset phenotype that occurs with fatty liver, elevated aminotransferase levels, hepatomegaly and dyslipidaemia, t...

Teachers' language assessment literacy (LAL) is critical to the success of education, quality students' learning, and willingness study. Yet, studies on teachers' LAL preparation face Merdeka Belajar (Freedom Learning) curriculum are still scarce. Most used questionnaires assess knowledge. In contrast that, this study utilized teachers’ knowledge test adapted from Al-bahlani (2019). This invest...