It has long been a central tenant of Tokugawa history that samurai fiefs "effectively" became defunct during the 17th century. This typically is understood (in the English-language literature) as reflecting a tightening of "central control" over divisive tendencies throughout the Tokugawa polity and an important step in achieving political stability. While it is undeniable that samurai fiefs un...

This paper aims to examine the dynamics of land transactions, machine investments, and the demand for machine services using farm panel data from China. Recently, China's agriculture has experienced a large expansion of machine rentals and machine services provided by specialized agents, which has contributed to mechanization of agricultural production. On the other hand, the empirical results ...

• Farmers of Trans (Karnal) and Eastern (Samastipur) IGP are now transitioning from conventional to CA systems need policy support, better skills, frequent visits, detailed advice on every component CA. is highly knowledge-intensive drives through various factors, which requires skills gain outcomes. Using more ICT-based tools, Karnal has an advantage over Samastipur in gathering information im...

The incidence of escaped agricultural fire has recently been increasing in the Western Amazon, driven by climate variability, land use change, and changes in patterns of residency and land occupation. Preventing and mitigating the negative impacts of fire in the Amazon require a comprehensive understanding not only of what the drivers of fire activity are, but also how these drivers interact an...

Land and wealth are closely related in rural Brazil, a country characterized by high levels of inequality in terms of income or landholdings. After presenting a historical retrospective of land concentration and land reform in Brazil, this study evaluates the impact of the land reform programme undertaken in the 1990s on land ownership and land distribution. It is shown that the programme incre...