Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used as a noninvasive probe of two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of copolymer vinylidene fluoride with trifluorethylene. The surface 2D ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in the topmost layer of LB films and a thickness independent (almost 2D) transition in the bulk of these films are observed in temperatur...

Using a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) synthesis method, novel two-dimensional (2D) mixed-spin magnetic systems, in which each magnetic layer is both structurally and magnetically isolated, have been generated. Specifically, a 2D Fe-Ni cyanide-bridged network with a face-centered square grid structure has been magnetically and structurally characterized. The results indicate the presence of ferromagnet...

We report the peculiar interaction of two type III bursts observed in the solar wind. As electron beams propagating on the same magnetic field lines cross, a spectacular depletion of the type III radio emission is observed. We combine observations from the WAVES experiment on board the STEREO mission together with kinetic plasma simulations to study the extinction of type III radio emission res...

Comparison analysis of linear least-square method and non-linear method of three widely used isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson) were examined to experiment with Remazol Red (C.I. 18221) onto pistachio nut shells at a solution temperature of 293 K. All three isotherm equations showed a better fit to the experimental equilibrium data. The results show that the Langmuir model s...

Abstract. The Boltzmann–Poisson system modeling the electron flow in semiconductors is used to discuss the validity of the Child–Langmuir asymptotics. The scattering kernel is approximated by a simple relaxation time operator. The Child–Langmuir limit gives an approximation of the currentvoltage characteristic curves by means of a scaling procedure in which the ballistic velocity is much larger...

Amplitude modulation and packet formation of Langmuir waves are commonly observed during a nonlinear interaction between electron beams and plasmas. In this paper, we briefly review the history of Langmuir wave packets as developed by recent spacecraft observations and computer simulations. New one-dimensional electrostatic Vlasov simulations are performed to study their formation processes. It...

We demonstrate that nonlinear decay of obliquely propagating Langmuir waves into another Langmuir and Alfvén waves is possible in a one-dimensional, highly relativistic, streaming, pair plasma. Based on this we present a new mechanism of pulsar radio emission that involves development and quasilinear relaxation of two stream instability, induced scattering of generated Langmuir waves by plasma ...

Short wavelength ion sound waves (2–4 kHz) are detected in association with the Langmuir waves (∼15– 30 kHz) in the source regions of several local type III radio bursts. They are most probably not due to any resonant wavewave interactions such as the electrostatic decay instability because their wavelengths are much shorter than those of Langmuir waves. The Langmuir waves occur as coherent fie...