We report a unique case of laryngeal dystonia in a 43-year-old male with neurosyphilis who underwent successful treatment with botulinum toxin injection. To date there have been no reports of laryngeal dystonia associated with neurosyphilis. The patient initially presented with strained and stuttering voice despite systemic penicillin therapy. After 2 months of speech therapy with limited relie...

Acute dystonic reactions are becoming much less prevalent in clinical practice due to the use of newer antipsychotics. Drug-drug interactions, patient characteristics, and environmental and genetic factors all contribute to the rate of occurrence of acute dystonia with second generation agents. In this case, we report a glossopharyngeal dystonia secondary to a lurasidone-fluoxetine CYP-3A4 inte...

OBJECTIVE To perform an evidence-based review of the safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of movement disorders. METHODS A literature search was performed including MEDLINE and Current Contents for therapeutic articles relevant to BoNT and selected movement disorders. Authors reviewed, abstracted, and classified articles based on American Academy of Neurology cr...

We performed a service-based epidemiological study of dystonia in Munich, Germany. Due to favourable referral and treatment patterns in the Munich area, we could provide confident data from dystonia patients seeking botulinum toxin treatment. A total of 230 patients were ascertained, of whom 188 had primary dystonia. Point prevalence ratios were estimated to be 10.1 (95% confidence interval 8.4...

Many rating scales have been applied to the evaluation of dystonia, but only few have been assessed for clinimetric properties. The Movement Disorders Society commissioned this task force to critique existing dystonia rating scales and place them in the clinical and clinimetric context. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify rating scales that have either been validated or use...

An 80-year-old woman with a 7-year history of progressive supranuclear palsy had periodic dyspnea attacks that lasted for several hours. During these attacks, she involuntarily groaned because she could barely exhale but could inhale (video 1 on the Neurology® Web site at Neurology.org). When she was instructed to pronounce words, she could do this voluntarily and phonation enabled her to exhal...

Tardive laryngeal dystonia, a rare form of dystonic syndrome, was only reported to be induced by typical antipsychotics. Here, we report one case of ziprasidone-induced tardive laryngeal dystonia in a schizophrenic female patient, who showed dysphonia, hoarseness and dyspnea after taking ziprasidone 120 mg/day for 8 months. These symptoms were significantly improved after discontinuing ziprasid...

Although neuroleptics, prescribed for psychiatric conditions, are by far the commonest drugs known to produce acute dystonia, other drugs such as prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, tetrabenazine etc., prescribed for non-psychiatric conditions, are also known to produce this side effect the common factor is the ability of the drug to produce a central inhibition of dopaminergic neurotransmission....

Acute dystonia is a side effect of antipsychotic medication, and appears shortly after beginning treatment. The movement disorder is characterized by sustained muscle contractions that are typically slow, but rapid dystonia referred to as myoclonic dystonia has also been described. Cranial, pharyngeal and cervical muscles are generally affected causing fixation of the jaw, retrocollis, torticol...