Pulsed Laser Deposition in molecular-beam epitaxy environment (Laser-MBE) has been used to grow high quality BaCuO x /CaCuO 2 superlattices. In situ Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) shows that the growth mechanism is 2-dimensional. Furthermore, weak but reproducible RHEED intensity oscillations have been monitored during the growth. Ex-situ x-ray diffraction spectra confirmed...

High-intensity X-ray pulses from third-generation synchrotron sources make it possible to study the temporal dynamics of rapidly evolving materials. We report a study of rapid and reversible disordering of the structure of an InSb crystal induced by an ultrashort laser pulse. A novel crosscorrelation detection technique is described, which allowed us to observe rapid changes in X-ray diffractio...

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is a promising technique for visualizing the structures of non-crystalline particles with dimensions of micrometers to sub-micrometers. Recently, X-ray free-electron laser sources have enabled efficient experiments in the `diffraction before destruction' scheme. Diffraction experiments have been conducted at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA...

Semi organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal L-Lysine 4-nitrophenolate (LLPNP) monohydrate was grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown LLPNP crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction. Solubility of the LLPNP was carried out for different temperature. Thermal stability of the grown material was carried out by TG/DTA analysis. The hardness of the material was found by Vicke...

Measurement tools for high speed air flow are sought both in industry and academia. Particular interest is shown in air flows that exhibit aerodynamic shocks. Shocks are accompanied by sudden changes in density, pressure, and temperature. Optical detection and characterization of such shocks can be difficult because the medium is normally transparent air. A variety of techniques to analyze thes...

in the present study, an ultrafine grained (ufg) 304l stainless steel with the average grain size of 300 nm was produced by a combination of cold rolling and annealing. weldability of the ufg sample was studied by nd: yag laser welding under different welding conditions. taguchi experimental design was used to optimize the effect of frequency, welding time, laser current and laser pulse duratio...

Knowledge of the sequence of different conformational states of a protein molecule is key to better understanding its biological function. A diffraction pattern from a single conformational state can be captured with an ultrafast X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) before the target is completely annihilated by the radiation. In this paper, we report the first experimental demonstration of conform...

In this paper, size distribution of nano-bubbles was measured by the reliable and fast method of laser diffraction technique. Nano-bubbles were produced using a nano-bubble generator designed and made based on hydrodynamic cavitation phenomenon in Venturi tubes. A Central Composite Design with Response Surface Methodology was used to conduct a five factor, five level factorial experimental desi...

We have demonstrated the use of a high-repetition-rate 46.9-nm tabletop laser to characterize diffraction gratings designed for grazing-incidence operation in the soft-x-ray spectral region. The efficiencies for various diffraction orders were measured as a function of angle of incidence and compared with the results of model simulations. This measurement technique provides benchmarks with whic...

Holography plays a significant role in applications such as data storage, light trapping, security, and biosensors. However, conventional fabrication methods remain time-consuming, costly, and complex, limiting the fabrication of holograms and their extensive use. Here, we demonstrate a single-pulse laser ablation technique to write parallel surface gratings and Fresnel zone plates. We utilized...