introduction: to assessment of the efficacy and safety of transurethral cystolithotripsy of large bladder stones by holmium laser in the outpatient setting. methods: in a prospective study, 48 consecutive adult patients with large bladder stones, were enrolled for transurethral cystolithotripsy. patients older than 18 years, with bladder stones larger than 2 cm were enrolled. urethral stricture...

SUMMARY We have discussed in this article, about usages of Laser (Cortype) In Neurological - Surgery, In the beginning of the article, historical considerations have been written, then specifications of laser light have been noted, including the functions of laser. In this article, types of laser have been matched. In the another part of article, advantages of Co2 . laser have been mentioned,...

In the present work, a theoretical analysis of the first-order of stimulatedBrillouin scattering (SBS) in a double-clad (DC) ytterbium (Yb)-doped silica fiber laserin unidirectional pumping mode is presented.An accurate simulation for calculating SBS nonlinearity is performed by considering thecoupled differential rate equations for pump, signal and Stokes powers, as wel...

Measurement of stress transients generated by a 400ns pulsed HF laser in an infrared fluoride glass fiber has been made using fast time – response piezoelectric film transducer. Acoustic signals up to 12 mV with frequencies ranging in megahertz generated by 21 mJ laser pulse when passed through the fiber axis in the linear region. It is shown that useful information such as onset of non - linea...

   Self-heating leads to a temperature rise of the laser diode and limits the output power and efficiency due to increased loss and decreased differential gain. To control device self-heating, it is required to design the laser structure with a low optical loss, while the heat flux must spread out of the device efficiently. In this study, a new asymmetric waveguide design is proposed and th...

We present the results of a novel numerical and experimental investigation aimed at obtaining efficient 1.05 mum operation with a Yb:YAG laser. The model shows that the emitting wavelength of the Yb:YAG laser is affected by the combination of length and doping concentration of the gain medium. Efficient continuous-wave laser operation at the wavelength of 1050 nm was experimentally obtained in ...

In this paper, the nonlinear rate equations governing a quantum dot laser isused to simulate the transient as well as the steady-state behaviors of the laser.Computation results show that the rate equations are capable of simulating true behaviorof a quantum dot laser. Then, the pump rates of the rate equations (which show indirectelectrical pumping of the quantum dots through a wetting layer) ...