This study was conducted on 384 clinically healthy sheep and goats from farms around Tehran suburb. The animals were divided into two equal groups (according to species) and then assigned into three age groups, two gender groups and female animals into two groups: late pregnant and non-pregnant. Heart sounds were auscultated by two cardiologists and heart rate and probable murmurs were recorded...

Patients with late systolic murmurs, with and without mid-late systolic extra sounds, have recently been shown to have mitral regurgitation. This syndrome has been found to be familial in each of the four families we have studied. These families were found to have a high prevalence of mid-late systolic extra sounds, late systolic murmurs, pansystolic murmurs, abnormal electrocardiograms, and un...

Ten patients with the billowing mitral leaflet syndrome complicated by infective endocarditis are reported. Two patients had a non-ejection systolic click and 8 had both a non-ejection systolic click and a late systolic murmur. These auscultatory features were difficult to detect in 4 instances in that they were intermittent, soft, or brought out only with postural change. Seven patients were u...

The purpose of this work was to determine how reliable a guide an apical systolic murmur can be to the finding at mitral valvotomy of incidental mitral regurgitation complicating dominant mitral stenosis. The history of the systolic murmur in mitral stenosis is a confused one, since general agreement was not reached about the timing of systolic and diastolic murmurs in mitral stenosis for nearl...

Aortic stenosis produces a systolic murmur of characteristic shape in the phonocardiogram both in the aortic and mitral areas. Sound records were taken in 20 patients with aortic stenosis. Thq phonocardiograph used for this investigation has been described elsewhere (Leatham, 1949), and consisted of crystal microphones, valve amplifiers, and both string and mirror galvanometers. Filters were u-...