The aim of this investigation was to view characteristics of vestibular nystagmus (spontaneous, latent, and positional) through Frenzel's spectacles in patients with asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease (ACVD), with the intent of providing an early diagnosis and appropriate prophylaxis. We examined a total of 228 men (mean age, 48.04 +/- 7.8 years), a mean group of 150 men with proven asymptoma...

Patients with congenital types of nystagmus, including congenital nystagmus (CN), latent/manifest latent nystagmus (LMLN) and combinations of the two, can be identified by waveform analysis and classified into three unambiguous groups. This categorization by waveform is supported by different clinical signs, including the relationship to strabismus. Strabismus is essential for LMLN but incident...

DEFINITIONS Gaze-evoked Gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN) is a jerk nystagmus, not present in primary position, elicited by attempted maintenance of eccentric eye position, GEN may have a linear or a decreasing-velocity exponential slow phase; the latter has sometimes been referred to as gaze-paretic nystagmus but, unless it is due to a muscle or nerve paresis, the GEN terminology is preferred. Disti...

Head-shaking nystagmus. Head-Shaking Nystagmus (HSN) is a latent spontaneous vestibular nystagmus provoked by rapid passive head shaking around a vertical axis. HSN is not specific in distinguishing peripheral hypofunction from more central vestibular imbalances. This test is an excellent bedside test for detecting unilateral vestibular hypofunction but further rotatory and caloric testing will...

To the Editors: Children with Down syndrome reportedly have a high prevalence of nystagmus.1-3 The etiology of nystagmus in Down syndrome has been presumed to be idiopathic, although evidence for this is limited. Whether cerebellar hypoplasia, a common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding in Down syndrome, contributes to nystagmus has been investigated recently because of the role of the ce...

Congenital (CN) and latent/manifest latent nystagmus (LMLN) are the two most common types of benign infantile nystagmus. They can be distinguished definiti�ely by eye-movement recordings; their clinical characteristics are too similar to allow reliable differential diagnosis. Most treatments for CN, surgical or optical, depend on exploitation of either a gaze-angle or convergence null. Other tr...

AMONGST 34,000 patients, 138 were found with congenital nystagmus, of whom at least twenty showed the form known as " latent nystagmus ". Of these, thirteen were classed as typical (Table). The nature and origin of this uncommon condition is a mystery. A curious fact was revealed in this study: all the patients with this form of nystagmus had another mysterious condition-alternating hyperphoria...

AIM To report five children with horizontal jerk nystagmus in whom eye movement recordings in the dark revealed a spontaneous reversal in the direction of the nystagmus beat. Three patients were blind in one eye and were diagnosed as having a manifest latent nystagmus (MLN), and two patients had strabismus and congenital nystagmus (CN). METHODS Eye movements were recorded using DC electro-ocu...

OBJECTIVES Although nystagmus has been reported in Down syndrome (DS), it has been poorly characterized, because most investigators have relied on clinical observations rather than on eye movement recordings. This study was conducted to investigate nystagmus in DS, using quantitative measurements of eye movements. METHODS Ocular motility and visual functions were examined in 26 unselected adu...

AIM To analyse nystagmus characteristics in patients with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) for differentiation from other forms of early childhood nystagmus. METHODS Horizontal and vertical eye movements of 10 patients (6-46 years, mean 17.1 years, median 12.5 years) with CSNB (eight with CSNB1, two with CSNB2) were recorded with the scleral magnetic search coil technique or by el...