The ohmmeter works well for large resistances (greater than a few 10s of ohms) and when it is possible for the probes to make good connections to the object. If the resistance is very small, it is difficult to make a good connection, or both, it is necessary to use a more complicated method to properly measure the resistance. The main problem in these two cases is that the resistance in the pro...

background and objectives: heavy metals are considered as high risk biocides due to their harmful effects on human health, the environment and other living organisms. bacterial strains showing resistance to heavy metals has been used for removing such toxic materials from the environment. in this study we isolated and characterized a heavy metals-resistance halophilic bacterial strains from kal...

In this paper we report on the mechanism of delamination in light-emitting diode (LED) packages and its effects on thermal characteristics of LEDs. The LED samples were subjected to moisture preconditioning treatments followed by heat block testing. Transient thermal measurements were performed for the investigation of the thermal behavior of the delaminated LEDs. Increase of thermal resistance...

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains about 130 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, which are likely to contribute to the transport of diverse materials, including toxic substances. However, the substrates of ABC transporters remain unknown in most cases. We tested which ABC transporter is involved in detoxification of lead [Pb(II)]. Among the many tested, we found that the message level...

Recent studies suggest that plant disease-resistance responses use multiple signaling pathways acting subsequent to pathogen recognition, and that phosphorylation cascades play a prominent role in the recognition and execution of foreign invaders.