The scanning electrochemical microscope can be used in the feedback mode in two-dimensional scans over biological substrates to obtain topographic information at the micrometer level. In this mode, the effect of distance between a substrate (either conductive or insulating) and a scanning ultramicroelectrode tip on the electrolytic current flowing at the tip is recorded as a function of the tip...

Establishing an accurate, fast, and operable method for diagnosing crop nutrition is very important for crop nutrient management. In this study, static scanning technology was used to collect images of a rice sample's fully expanded top three leaves and corresponding sheathes. From these images, 32 spectral and shape characteristic parameters were extracted using an RGB mean value function and ...

In order to improve the shoot proliferation rate of ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ banana shoot tip cultures, polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) was employed at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% (w/v). The medium without PEG was considered as negative control. An increasing of shoot proliferation was achieved in MS medium containing 2% PEG. Furthermore, application of 2% PEG significantly increased the shoot dry we...

Leaf growth is polar in several model angiosperms, with cell proliferation near the base and a gradient of increasing cell maturation as you approach the tip (reviewed in Efroni et al., 2010; Powell and Lenhard, 2012). However, many questions remain about how the diversity of leaf shapes is achieved (reviewed in Tsukaya, 2014). Newwork fromDasGupta andNath (2015)shows that thepolarity of leaf l...

Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) are specialized vacuoles devoted to the accumulation of large amounts of protein in the storage tissues of plants. In this study, we investigated the presence of the storage vacuole and protein trafficking to the compartment in cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and Arabidopsis leaf tissue. When we expressed phaseolin, the maj...

rounded leaf tip. The leaf collar marks the junction of the leaf blade and sheath and appears when the leaf is fully developed. Each leaf sheath originates at its own node on the plant stalk. The sheath surrounds and strengthens the stalk (culm). The flag leaf is the last to emerge on the plant and is considerably smaller than the other leaves. The panicle (head) emerges from the flag leaf shea...

Studies on some bacterial diseases of fruit plants from Aurangabad district was carried out during 2003-2009. They are: Leaf necrosis of Custard apple caused by Xanthomonas annonae; Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri; Bacterial canker of Mango caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae; Leaf necrosis of Guava caused by Xanthomonas psidae; and leaf spot of Badam...