This paper describes an XML annotation scheme for English Language Learner (ELL) spelling errors in learner corpora which can be used to create standardized, annotated ELL error corpora for use by researchers who are developing spelling correction tools for ELLs. We also provide an error taxonomy (with examples of each error type) upon which the scheme was based.

The importance of computer learner corpora for research in both second language acquisition and foreign language teaching is rapidly increasing. Computer learner corpora can provide us with data to describe the learner’s interlanguage system at different points of its development and they can be used to create pedagogical tools. In this paper, we first present a new computer learner corpora in ...

Building from the CHILDES dependency annotation scheme and on interlanguage POS annotation, we describe a syntactic annotation scheme developed for the data of second language learners. We encode subcategorization frames and underlying dependencies, in addition to the usual surface dependencies. The annotation scheme is relatively independent of language and can be mapped to learner errors.

There has been almost no work on phrase structure annotation and parsing specially designed for learner English despite the fact that they are useful for representing the structural characteristics of learner English. To address this problem, in this paper, we first propose a phrase structure annotation scheme for learner English and annotate two different learner corpora using it. Second, we s...

This paper describes a pilot study in which we collected a small learner corpus of Arabic, developed a tagset for errorannotation of Arabic learner data, tagged the data for error, and performed simple Computer-aided Error Analysis (CEA). Language Learner Corpora and Applications Learner corpora research uses the methods and tools of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) studies and corpus linguist...

Computer learner corpora have been widely used by SLA/EFL specialists since mid 1990s to gain better insights into authentic learner language. The work presented in this paper examines the inter-language of Taiwanese learners of English from a part-of-speech sequence perspective. Two pre-tagged corpora (one learner corpus and one native corpus) are involved in this work. The experimental result...

In this paper, we discuss how error annotation for learner corpora should be done by explaining the state of the art of error tagging schemes in learner corpus research. Several learner corpora, including the NICT JLE (Japanese Learner English) Corpus that we have compiled are annotated with error tagsets designed by categorizing “likely” errors implied from the existing canonical grammar rules...

Natural language processing (NLP) has long been used to automatically analyze language produced by language learners, typically aimed at providing individualized feedback and learner modeling in Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning systems (cf. Heift & Schulze 2007). While much interesting research has been reported, it is difficult to determine the state of the art for the automatic...

Learner corpora consist of texts produced by second language (L2) learners. I We present ALeS Ko, a learner corpus of Chinese L2 learners of German and discuss the multi-layer annotation of the left sentence periphery notably the Vorfeld.